https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html The aim of this study was to assess the effects of experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke on structural and mechanical properties of rat m. flexor carpi ulnaris. Two groups of Young-adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were measured stroke (n = 9) and control (n = 7). Photothrombotic stroke was induced in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. Four weeks later, muscle-tendon unit and muscle belly length-force characteristics of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris, mechanical interaction with the neighbouring m. palmaris longus, the number of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibres, and the physiological cross-sectional area were measured. Stroke resulted in higher force and stiffness of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris at optimum muscle-tendon unit length, but only for the passive conditions. Stroke did not alter the length-force characteristics of m. flexor carpi ulnaris muscle belly, morphological characteristics, and the extent of mechanical interaction with m. palmaris longus muscle. The higher passive force and passive stiffness at the muscle-tendon unit level in the absence of changes in structural and mechanical characteristics of the muscle belly indicates that the experimentally induced stroke resulted in an increased stiffness of the tendon. The higher passive force and passive stiffness at the muscle-tendon unit level in the absence of changes in structural and mechanical characteristics of the muscle belly indicates that the experimentally induced stroke resulted in an increased stiffness of the tendon. To evaluate the effect of combining the technique of early pushing and extended second stage on the mode of delivery, as well as adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This retrospective data analysis included all women delivering in a single tertiary medical center through 2015-2020. In January 2017 the protocol of second-stage management was changed to a combination of extended second stage (i.e.