BACKGROUND The Weberian apparatus enhances hearing in otophysan fishes, including Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several studies have examined aspects of morphological development of the Weberian apparatus and hearing ability in Zebrafish. A comprehensive developmental description including both hard and soft tissues is lacking. This information is critical for both interpretation of genetic developmental analyses and to better understand the role of morphogenesis and integration on changes in hearing ability. RESULTS Histological development of hard and soft tissues of the Weberian apparatus, including ossicles, ear, swim bladder, and ligaments are described from early larval stages (3.8 mm notochord length) through adult. Results show a strong relationship in developmental timing and maturation across all regions. All required auditory elements are present and morphologically integrated early, by 6.5 mm SL. Dynamic ossification patterns and changes in shape continue throughout the examined developmental period. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first comprehensive histological description of Weberian apparatus development in Zebrafish. Morphological integration was found early, before increases in hearing ability were detected in functional studies (>10 mm total length), suggesting morphological integration precedes functional integration. Further research is needed to examine the nature of the functional delay, and how maturation of the Weberian apparatus influences functionality. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Disturbing the circadian regulation of physiology by disruption of the rhythmic environment is associated with adverse health outcomes but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, the response of central and peripheral circadian clocks to an advance or delay of the light-dark cycle was determined in mice. This identified transient damping of peripheral clocks as a consequence of an advanced light-dark cycle. Similar depression of peripheral rhythm amplitude was observed in mice exposed to repeated phase shifts. To assess the metabolic consequences of such peripheral amplitude depression in isolation, temporally chimeric mice lacking a functional central clock (Vgat-Cre+ Bmal1fl/fl ) were housed in the absence of environmental rhythmicity. In vivo PER2LUC bioluminescence imaging of anesthetized and freely moving mice revealed that this resulted in a state of peripheral amplitude depression, similar in severity to that observed transiently following an advance of the light-dark cycle. Surprisingly, our mice did not show alterations in body mass or glucose tolerance in males or females on regular or high-fat diets. Overall, our results identify transient damping of peripheral rhythm amplitude as a consequence of exposure to an advanced light-dark cycle but chronic damping of peripheral clocks in isolation is insufficient to induce adverse metabolic outcomes in mice. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Pineal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.INTRODUCTION Acute hemopericardium during cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures may result in significant blood loss and is the most common cause of procedure related death. Matched allogeneic blood is often not immediately available. The feasibility and safety of direct autotransfusion in cardiac electrophysiology patients requiring emergency pericardiocentesis is unknown. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records of patients undergoing EP procedures at a single, tertiary care medical center who had procedure-related acute hemopericardium requiring emergency pericardiocentesis during a three-year period. Procedure details, transfusion volumes, and clinical outcomes of patients who received direct autotransfusion of aspirated pericardial blood via a femoral venous sheath were compared to those of patients who did not receive direct autotransfusion. RESULTS During the study period, 10 patients received direct autotransfusion (group 1) and outcomes were compared with those of 14 control patients who did not receive direct autotransfusion (group 2). Volume of aspirated pericardial blood was similar in groups 1 and 2 (1.6±0.7 L vs. 1.3±1.0 L, respectively; p=0.52). Amongst patients with aspirated volumes less then 1L, group 1 patients (n=4) were less likely than group 2 patients (n=8) to require allotransfusion (0% vs. 75%, p=0.02). Amongst patients with aspirated volume ≥ 1L, group 1 patients (n=6) required fewer units of red cell allotransfusion than group 2 patients (n=6) (1.5±0.8u vs. 4.3±2.0u, p=0.01). No procedural complications related to direct autotransfusion occurred. CONCLUSIONS Direct autotransfusion following emergency pericardiocentesis during electrophysiology procedures requiring systemic anticoagulation is feasible and safe. Utilization of direct autotransfusion may eliminate or reduce the need for allotransfusion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Enduring isolation of the pulmonary veins (PV) is becoming increasingly common in patients undergoing repeat catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. We describe our approach to ablation strategy in a patient with enduring isolation of PV and briefly discuss the role of non-PV triggers.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Decitabine.html  © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive primary cutaneous neuroendocrine cancer which almost always exhibits the cytokeratin (CK)20+/thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1- immunophenotype. MCC may occur concurrently with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Bowen's disease, and/or basal cell carcinoma (BCC), with some evidence that MCCs which occur in conjunction with other neoplasms exhibit different immunophenotypes compared to pure MCC cases. We present a case of CK20-/TTF-1+ MCC concurrent with Bowen's disease and BCC, and discuss possible differences in the pathogenesis of pure vs combined MCC. We also review the literature for this unusual immunophenotype, noting that most cases occur in combined MCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.