Divorce rates and never married status were significantly higher for women (9% versus 4%; P  less then  0.001 and 19% versus 4%; P  less then  0.001, respectively). Women surgeons also report higher rates of not having children compared with male surgeons (48% versus 13%; P  less then  0.001). There were no major age-adjusted health status differences reported between male and female surgeons. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights contemporary disparities in salaries, practice, and family life between male and female trauma surgeons. Overall, trauma surgeons do not report gender-based differences in health and wellness metrics but have ongoing disparity in compensation and family life. BACKGROUND Mortality in emergency general surgery (EGS) is often attributed to patient condition, which may obscure opportunities for improvement in care. Identifying failure to rescue (FTR), or death after complication, may reveal these opportunities. FTR has been problematic in trauma secondary to low precedence rates (proportion of deaths preceded by complication). We sought to evaluate this in EGS, hypothesizing that precedence is lower in EGS than in similar elective operations. METHODS National Inpatient Sample data from January 2014 through September 2015 were used. 150,027 adult operative EGS complete cases were defined by emergent admission, one of seven International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) procedure group codes for common EGS operations, and timing to operation ( less then 48 h); these represent 750,135 patients under the National Inpatient Sample sampling design. Deaths were precedented if one of eight prespecified complications was identified. Chi-squared tests were used to compare precedence rates between selected emergent and elective operations.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sj6986.html  RESULTS There was a 2.5% mortality rate in this cohort of operative EGS patients, with an 84.1% (95% CI 82.7%-85.4%) precedence rate. Among the seven listed procedure groups, those with clinically reasonable elective analogs were cholecystectomy, colon resection, and laparotomy. Emergent versus elective precedence rates were 90.2% versus 82.0% (P = 0.004) for colon resection, 81.3% versus 86.8% (P = 0.26) for cholecystectomy, and 68.8% versus 92.7% (P  less then  0.001) for laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS Precedence rates in EGS were higher than expected and were similar to previously published rates in nonemergent surgery, suggesting that FTR is likely to be reliable using standard methodology. Management of complications after emergency operation may represent significant opportunities to prevent mortality. OBJECTIVE To investigate emotional dysregulation and psychiatric comorbidities associated with DEB-risk in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS A total of 75 children with T1DM aged between 8 and 19 were evaluated by K-SADS-PL to assess psychiatric diagnosis. DEB-risk was evaluated via Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R). Besides, all participants completed the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS DEPS-R-positive (≥20) was detected in 28% of the participants. The only diagnostic difference was a significantly higher frequency of ED in DEPS-R-positive than DEPS-R-negative (OR = 8.5, CI = 1.94-37.1, p = .004). DEPS-R-positive cases had significantly higher scores of the CDI, STAI, DERS, and the subscales of Goals, Impulse, and Strategies of DERS (CDI U = 266.500, p = .001; STAI U = 288.500,p = .001; DERS U = 229.000, p = .001, Goals U = 283.500, p = .008, Impulse U = 274.000, p = .005, Strategies U = 281.500, p = .007). In stepwise linear regression analysis, STAI-state and DERS scores significantly determined DEB-risk (STAI β = 0.363, t(60) = 2.33, p = .02, DERS β = 0.240, t(60) = 4.14, p  less then  .001). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study showed that DEPS-R-positive cases have an 8.5-fold increased risk for ED. DEPS-R-positive ones have difficulties in regulating their emotions and they are incapable of accessing emotion regulation strategies, engaging in goal-directed behavior while under difficult emotions, and impulse control. It can be beneficial for child psychiatrists to screen first for ED in DEPS-R-positive cases who are referred by child endocrinologist. They should also take into consideration anxiety levels and problems in emotion dysregulation in the DEPS-R-positive cases. Eutrophication of water bodies markedly reduces their recreational and economic use, which in turn compels those interested to pursuing prompt and effective restoration. This also applies to waters with a moderate pool of biogenic resources which, following temporarily increased nutrient alimentation from the catchment area may become eutrophic. The in-situ experiment tested the impact of chemical restoration on benthic macroalgae (Chara hispida L.) found in meso-eutrophic waters. Commonly used doses of iron sulphate were applied, defined as Low - 10.8 g Fe m-2 and High - 21.6 g Fe m-2. It was presumed that the sudden shift of abiotic conditions of the environment will disturb growth and stoichiometry of the species. Analyses encompassed physicochemical water parameters (e.g. nutrient concentration, light availability), morphological features and elemental composition of the charophytes. Application of the coagulant caused shading of the plants and elimination of bioavailable phosphates from the water. This induced changes of behavioural ecology of the species, manifesting in elongation of the main axis and increase of the assimilation area (growth of branchlets and side-axes) as well as stoichiometric changes. It was found that shortage of phosphates in the water resulted in decreased phosphorus concentration in the thalli due to biological dilution. The increase of assimilation area and phosphorus dilution in the thalli have not been previously reported for charophytes. In this study, the qualitative transformation of the environment following application of iron as part of chemical lake restoration was evinced in significant ecological changes that adversely affected macrophytobenthos. The findings of the experiment can therefore be taken into account while planning restoration procedures, so as to preclude the risk of a negative trend of ecological changes.