https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tng260.html Opiate use in neonates can affect clinical outcomes after surgery and may alter future neurodevelopment. We implemented a multimodal opioid reduction strategy in our NICU for infants undergoing nonemergent gastrointestinal surgery. After multiple stakeholder's meetings, our opioid reduction intervention included giving neonates postoperative standing intravenous acetaminophen every 6 hours for 48 hours, a standardized postsurgical sign-out with the NICU team in which pain control was directly addressed, and a series of postsurgical pain education seminars with NICU providers. To assess the impact of our quality improvement project, we used process control charts to investigate trends in postoperative opioid use in our preintervention (January 2012 to April 2016) and postintervention (May 2016 to September 2019) cohorts. A total of 77 infants were included in the study (40 in the preintervention cohort and 37 in the postintervention cohort). Patient characteristics were equivalent. The intervention signis of reduced opioids, similar strategies for opioid reduction may prove useful at other institutions. Previous case reports describe the reversal of phrenic nerve blockade from the interscalene nerve block using normal saline injectate washout. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate whether using normal saline injectate to wash out local anesthetic from an interscalene nerve block catheter would restore phrenic nerve and diaphragm function, while preserving analgesia. Institutional review board approval, clinical trial registration and consent were obtained for patients undergoing shoulder surgery with an interscalene nerve block catheter. 16 patients were randomized to receive three 10 mL aliquots of normal saline injectate (intervention group, n=8) or three sham injectates (control group, n=8) via their perineural catheters in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Primary outcome measures were the effects on