https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tc-s-7009.html eath. We aimed to determine if clinical and imaging features can stratify men at higher risk for clinically significant (CS, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group ≥2) prostate cancer (PCa) in equivocal Prostate Imaging and Data Reporting System (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Approved by the institutional review board-approved, this retrospective study involved 184 men with 198 lesions who underwent 3T-MRI and MRI-directed transrectal ultrasound biopsy for PI-RADS 3 lesions. Men were evaluated including clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), indication, and MRI lesion size. Diagnoses for all men and by indication (no cancer, any PCa, CSPCa) were compared using multivariate logistic regression, including stage, PSAD, and lesion size. We found an overall PCa rate of 31.8% (63/198) and 10.1% (20/198) CSPCa (13 grade group 2, five group 3, and two group 4). Higher stage (p=0.001), PSAD (p=0.007), and lesion size (p=0.015) were associar, PSAD alone had limited value, and accuracy improved when using a model incorporating PSAD with clinical stage and MR lesion size. Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with level 3 or 4 caval thrombus have a poor prognosis, with reported five-year survival rates of 30-40%. The aim of this study was to assess the perioperative morbidity and long-term oncological outcomes for radical nephrectomy with resection of vena cava thrombus using a combined surgical approach, including extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. A retrospective review was performed of the institutional case log to identify all radical nephrectomies with caval thrombus performed from January 2006 to May 2020. Twenty-five patients were identified with level 2 thrombus in one (4%), level 3 thrombus in eight (32%), and level 4 in 16 (64%). The median followup was 20.6 months (range 0.2-133.3). The median age at s