Urolithiasis is highly prevalent in dogs and cats, with struvite and calcium oxalate being most commonly diagnosed. Some commercial diets aimed at reducing the risk of urolithiasis are based on inclusion of sodium chloride (NaCl) in an attempt to dilute the urine and the risk of crystallization, but more information on the effect of differing levels of sodium inclusion is needed. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term effect of four diets differing only in NaCl content (base diet with 0.3% sodium and diets with added NaCl to achieve 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3% sodium as fed) on urinary ion concentrations and relative supersaturation (RSS) of struvite and calcium oxalate in dogs and cats. In both species, there was a significant increase in water intake and urine volume as dietary NaCl increased. Urine sodium concentration increased with increasing dietary NaCl. The highest sodium diet increased urinary calcium excretion in dogs only, while decreasing urinary calcium concentration. Calcium oxalate RSS and struvite RSS both significantly decreased, with the lowest RSS values reported on the highest sodium diet in both dogs and cats (p  less then  .001). These results suggest that an increase in dietary NaCl decreases RSS values in both dogs and cats. Despite an increase in urinary calcium excretion in dogs, urinary calcium concentration and calcium oxalate RSS were lower on high sodium diets due to urine dilution. Long-term studies are needed to confirm the relationship between RSS and stone occurrence and recurrence. © 2020 The Royal Canin. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.OBJECTIVES Oestrogen is known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and numerous studies have identified it as an autophagic activator. To date, the role of oestrogen in the autophagy of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) during osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of autophagy regulated by the biologically active form of oestrogen (17β-estradiol) on osteoclastogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS After treatment with 17β-estradiol in OCPs (from bone marrow-derived macrophages, BMMs) and ovariectomy (OVX) mice, we measured the effect of 17β-estradiol on the autophagy of OCPs in vitro and in vivo.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd5153-6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic-acid.html  In addition, we studied the role of autophagy in the OCP proliferation, osteoclast differentiation and bone loss regulated by 17β-estradiol using autophagic inhibitor or knock-down of autophagic genes. RESULTS The results showed that direct administration of 17β-estradiol enhanced the autophagic response of OCPs. Interestingly, 17β-estradiol inhibited the stimulatory effect of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) on the autophagy and osteoclastogenesis of OCPs. Moreover, 17β-estradiol inhibited the downstream signalling of RANKL. Autophagic suppression by pharmacological inhibitors or gene silencing enhanced the inhibitory effect of 17β-estradiol on osteoclastogenesis. In vivo assays showed that the autophagic inhibitor 3-MA not only inhibited the autophagic activity of the OCPs in the trabecular bone of OVX mice but also enhanced the ability of 17β-estradiol to ameliorate bone loss. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study showed that oestrogen directly enhanced the autophagy of OCPs, which inhibited its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. Drugs based on autophagic inhibition may enhance the efficacy of oestrogen on osteoporosis. © 2020 The Authors. Cell Proliferation Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Curcumin is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound with a number of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumor, and cardioprotective. This plant-derived chemical has demonstrated great potential in targeting various signaling pathways to exert its protective effects. Signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) is one of the molecular pathways involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data demonstrates that the STAT pathway is an important target in treatment of a number of disorders, particularly cancer. Curcumin is capable of affecting STAT signaling pathway in induction of its therapeutic impacts. Curcumin is able to enhance the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis by targeting STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies show that inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by curcumin is involved in reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells. Curcumin normalizes the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway to exert anti-diabetic, renoprotective, and neuroprotective impacts. At the present review, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the effect of curcumin on JAK/STAT signaling pathway to direct further studies in this field. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND CircRNA plays an important role in the development of tumors, but its mechanism of action in ovarian cancer is still unclear. METHODS The expression level of hsa_circ_0013958 in 45 pairs of ovarian cancer tissues and cells was quantified by qRT-PCR, further revealing whether it is related to clinicopathological features and diagnostic value. Next, the effects of hsa_circ_0013958 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of A2780 and OVCAR-3 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Last, the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins (E-cadherin and Vimentin) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0013958 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and its expression was closely related to patient FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. Further, in vitro studies showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0013958 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells but elevated the cell apoptotic rate. The expression levels of both epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were also changed. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0013958 may contribute to the development of ovarian cancer by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptotic signaling pathways. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.