Many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures are being studied longitudinally to explore topics such as biomarker detection and clinical staging. A pertinent concern to longitudinal work is MRI scanner upgrades. When upgrades occur during the course of a longitudinal MRI neuroimaging investigation, there may be an impact on the compatibility of pre- and post-upgrade measures. Similarly, subject motion is another issue that may be detrimental to MRI work and embedding volumetric navigators (vNavs) within acquisition sequences has emerged as a technique that allows for prospective motion correction. Our research group recently underwent an upgrade from a Siemens MAGNETOM 3T Tim Trio system to a Siemens MAGNETOM 3T Prisma Fit system. The goals of the current work were to 1) investigate the impact of this upgrade on commonly used structural imaging measures and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy indices ("Prisma Upgrade protocol") and 2) examine structural imaging measures in a sequence with vNavs alongside a standard acquisition sequence ("vNav protocol"). While high reliability was observed for most of the investigated MRI outputs, suboptimal reliability was observed for certain indices. Across the scanner upgrade, increases in frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortical thickness (CT) and thalamus volume, along with decreases in parietal CT and amygdala, globus pallidus, hippocampus, and striatum volumes, were observed. No significant impact of the upgrade was found in 1H-MRS analyses. Further, CT estimates were found to be larger in MPRAGE acquisitions compared to vNav-MPRAGE acquisitions mainly within temporal areas, while the opposite was found mostly in parietal brain regions. The results from this work should be considered in longitudinal study designs and comparable prospective motion correction investigations are warranted in cases of marked head movement.
  This study evaluated the prognostic significance of cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) to detect subclinical alterations and predict major adverse events (MAE).
 
  CMR was performed in 106 patients with BrS and 25 healthy controls. Biventricular global strain analysis was assessed using CMR-FT. Patients were followed over a median of 11.6 [8.8±13.8] years.
 
  The study cohort was subdivided according to the presence of a spontaneous type 1 ECG (sECG) into sBrS (BrS with sECG, n=34 (32.1%)) and diBrS (BrS with drug-induced type 1 ECG, n=72 (67.9%)). CMR-FT revealed morphological differences between sBrS and diBrS patients with regard to right ventricular (RV) strain (circumferential (%) (sBrS-7.9±2.9 vs diBrS - 9.5±3.1, p=0.02) and radial (%) (sBrS 12.0±4.3 vs diBrS 15.4±5.4, p=0.004)). During follow-up, MAE occurred in 11 patients (10.4%). Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for the occurrence of events duh reflects electrical vulnerability.
  To analyze the spectrum of ophthalmologic manifestations in a large sample of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Brazil.
 
  The medical records of infants born in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between December 2015 and December 2016 with clinical manifestations of CZS and positive reverse transcription polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and/or serology for the Zika virus were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected from the record of the first ophthalmological assessment, performed on admission. Children with other congenital infectious diseases, genetic conditions, and incomplete medical records were excluded.
 
  A total of 469 infants (242 female [51.6%]) were included. Mean age at examination was 5.0±7.1months (range, 0.0-36.0months). Of the 469 infants, 197 (42.0%) were from Rio de Janeiro, 144 (30.7%) from Pernambuco, and 128 (27.3%) from Bahia States. Microcephaly at birth was detected in 214 (45.6%) children; 62 cases (29.0%) were severe. Pernambuco had significantly more children born with microcephaly compared with Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (P<0.001). Ocular manifestations were found in 269 of 938 eyes (28.7%; 148/469 children [31.6%]). The main ocular alterations were optic nerve pallor in 122 of 938 eyes (13.0%), focal pigment mottling in 112 eyes (11.9%), and chorioretinal scars in 101 eyes (10.8%). A higher prevalence of ocular manifestations was seen in Pernambuco (P<0.001). No microcephaly was observed in 252 of 466 children (54.1%); of these, 19 children (7.5%) had funduscopic findings.
 
  One-third of children with CZS had ocular manifestations. Children from Pernambuco were more affected. Ocular abnormalities were found in 7.5% of children without microcephaly.
 One-third of children with CZS had ocular manifestations. Children from Pernambuco were more affected. Ocular abnormalities were found in 7.5% of children without microcephaly.
  The flipped-classroom involves watching prerecorded lectures at home followed by group learning exercises within the classroom.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html  This study compares the flipped classroom approach with the traditional classroom for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in ophthalmology residency.
 
  In this multicenter, randomized controlled survey study from October 2017 to July 2018, 110 ophthalmology residents were taught esotropia and exotropia sequentially, randomized by order and classroom style. Flipped classroom participants were assigned a preclass video lecture prior to the in-class case-based activity. The traditional classroom included a preparatory reading assignment and an in-person lecture. Residents completed three identical 5-question assessments (pretest, post-test, and 3-month retention) and surveys for each classroom. The primary outcome measured residents' preferences for classroom styles; the secondary outcome compared knowledge acquisition.
 
  In our study cohort, the flipped classroom resulted in greater at-home preparation than the traditional classroom (P=0.001) and was preferred by 33 of 53 residents (62%); 45 of 53 (85%) wished to see the flipped classroom used at least 25% of the time. The exotropia flipped classroom scored higher than traditional classroom on the pretest (3.71/5 [74%] vs 2.87/5 [57%]; P<0.001) and post-test (4.53/5 [91%] vs 4.13/5 [83%]; P=0.01) but not the 3-month retention test (3.53/5 [71%] vs 3.37/5 [67%]; P=0.48). The esotropia classroom styles did not differ on pre- or post-test but demonstrated higher scores for the traditional classroom at 3-month retention (3.43/5 [69%] vs 2.92/5 [58%]; P=0.03). Advantages cited for flipped classroom include being interactive and engaging while incentivizing better classroom preparation.
 
  The flipped classroom method was received favorably by trainees and may complement traditional methods of teaching.
 The flipped classroom method was received favorably by trainees and may complement traditional methods of teaching.