Previously, we and other laboratories have reported an unusual and strong Raman optical activity (ROA) induced in solvents by chiral dyes. Various theories of the phenomenon appeared, but they were not capable of explaining fully the observed ROA band signs and intensities. In this work, an analysis based both on the light scattering theory and dedicated experiments provides a more complete understanding. For example, double-cell magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic ROA experiments with copper-porphyrin complex show that the induced chirality is observed without any contact of the solvents with the complex. The results thus indicate that a combination of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) with the polarized Raman scattering is responsible for the effect. The degree of circularity of solvent vibrational bands is a principal molecular property participating in the event. The insight and the possibility to predict the chirality transfer promise future applications in spectroscopy, chemical analysis and polarized imaging.
  Psychotropic medication use in youth with eating disorders (EDs) is poorly understood despite high co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders. This study examined characteristics associated with medication use in treatment-seeking youth with EDs.
 
  Youth up to age 18 reported on medication use when presenting to an academic medical center outpatient ED service in the United States. Data presented were collected between 1998-2015.
 
  The sample (N = 604) was predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 15.3 years (SD = 2.3). Approximately one-third (30%, n = 173) were taking psychotropic medications (40%, n = 70, were taking multiple medications). Antidepressant use was most common (26%, n = 152), followed by atypical antipsychotics (8%, n = 43). Adjusting for co-occurring psychiatric disorders, non-Hispanic Whites who had received prior treatment (psychotherapy, hospitalization) were significantly more likely to be using medication. Longer illness duration and prior treatment were associated with greater antidepressant use. For atypical antipsychotics, prior hospitalization was associated with greater use.
 
  Findings confirm moderate psychotropic medication use among young patients with EDs despite a lack of clarity regarding optimally effective pharmacologic interventions in this population. Pharmacological trials examining the efficacy of medications for young patients with EDs are warranted to inform future prescribing practice.
 Findings confirm moderate psychotropic medication use among young patients with EDs despite a lack of clarity regarding optimally effective pharmacologic interventions in this population. Pharmacological trials examining the efficacy of medications for young patients with EDs are warranted to inform future prescribing practice.Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), as a green fuel and oxidant, has drawn increasing attention in the energy and environmental research. Compared with the traditional anthraquinone process, the electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) syntheses of H2 O2 are cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In order to construct membraneless EC/PEC devices for the full H2 O2 synthesis, anodic H2 O2 production by water oxidation, which is less developed than cathodic H2 O2 generation, is highly desirable. Here, we review recent developments for the EC/PEC H2 O2 production by water oxidation, including fundamental aspects, benchmarking activity evaluation, material/catalyst selection, and strategies for increasing selectivity, efficiency, and accumulation. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and outlook of water oxidation for H2 O2 production, especially device-level development, accumulation and stability, and industrial applications. Our review is intended to stimulate studies further improving EC/PEC H2 O2 production.Sugar alcohols are of great importance for the food industry and are promising building blocks for bio-based polymers.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html  Industrially, they are produced by heterogeneous hydrogenation of sugars with H2 , usually with none to low stereoselectivities. Now, we present a homogeneous system based on commercially available components, which not only increases the overall yield, but also allows a wide range of unprotected ketoses to be diastereoselectively hydrogenated. Furthermore, the system is reliable on a multi-gram scale allowing sugar alcohols to be isolated in large quantities at high atom economy.Here we report the in situ generation of nucleophilic allylboranes from H2 and allenes mediated by a pyridonate borane that displays frustrated-Lewis-pair reactivity. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations reveal that upon H2 activation, the covalently bound pyridonate substituent becomes a datively bound pyridone ligand. Dissociation of the formed pyridone borane complex liberates Piers borane and enables a hydroboration of the allene. The allylboranes generated in this way are reactive towards nitriles. A catalytic protocol for the formation of allylboranes from H2 and allenes and the allylation of nitriles has been devised. This catalytic reaction is a conceptually new way to use molecular H2 in organic synthesis.Pneumonia is a chronic disorder of the respiratory system associated with worsening quality of life and a significant economic burden. Pinitol, a plant cyclic polyol, has been documented for immune-inflammatory potential. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the potential and possible mechanism of action of pinitol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pneumonia in the experimental animal model. Pneumonia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intratracheal administration of LPS (2 mg/kg). Animals were treated with either vehicle or dexamethasone or pinitol (5 or 10 or 20 mg/kg). Potential of pinitol against LPS-induced pulmonary insult was assessed based on behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural studies. Intratracheal instillation of LPS induced significant (P  less then  .05) inflammatory infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue reflected by elevated pleural effusion volume, lung edema, BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes count and lung myeloperoxidase levels, which was attenuated by pinitol (10 and 20 mg/kg) administration.