Developments of NMR methodology to characterise the structures of molecular organic structures are reviewed, concentrating on the previous decade of research in which density functional theory-based calculations of NMR parameters in periodic solids have become widespread. With a focus on demonstrating the new structural insights provided, it is shown how "NMR crystallography" has been used in a spectrum of applications from resolving ambiguities in diffraction-derived structures (such as hydrogen atom positioning) to deriving complete structures in the absence of diffraction data. As well as comprehensively reviewing applications, the different aspects of the experimental and computational techniques used in NMR crystallography are surveyed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nu7441.html  NMR crystallography is seen to be a rapidly maturing subject area that is increasingly appreciated by the wider crystallographic community.A review of developments in fluorine NMR of relevance to synthesis, characterisation and industrial applications of small organic molecules. Developments considered include those in spectrometer technology, computational methods and pulse sequences. The review of 80 references outlines applications in areas of identification, quantitation, mixture analysis, reaction monitoring, environmental studies and fragment-based drug design.Anoxybacter fermentans DY22613T is a novel piezophilic dissimilatory iron(III)-reducing bacterium isolated from East Pacific Rise (EPR) hydrothermal sulfides. The strain shows very low 16S rRNA gene similarity (86.92%) with the Halanaerobiales, and represents at least a novel genus Anoxybacter within the class Clostridia. Here, we describe the first complete genome of strain DY22613T in this genus. The genome contains 3,557,532 bp with a G + C content of 35.88%. Genome sequence analysis of strain DY22613T reveals the presence of genes encoding riboflavin (ribBA,D,A,F,H), FAD‑hydrogenases, etc. are involved in dissimilatory iron(III)-reducing process. The genome will provide insights into the mechanism of dissimilatory iron(III)-reducing in strain DY22613T, and contribute to better understand the role of this group in the biogeochemistry cycling of iron in deep-sea hydrothermal fields.Cyanobacteria, also known as bule-green algae, are capable of photosynthesis and have a fixed carbon and nitrogen effect. The virus that specifically infects cyanobacteria is called the cyanophage. Cyanophages play a key role in building microbial communities. However, only a small number of cyanophages have been reported so far. In this study, a novel Synechococcus cyanophage S-H68 was isolated from the Bohai Sea of China. Transmission electron microscope observations showed that S-H68 has an icosahedral head, 66 ± 1 nm in diameter, and a tail with a length of 107 ± 1 nm, and should be grouped into the family Siphoviridae. To better understand the genetic diversity of this cyanophage, the complete genome was characterized. It consists of 79,639 -bp -length double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 59.8% and is predicted to have 117 open reading frames (ORFs) with an average length of 655 nucleotides. Using the BLASTN tool in the NCBI database for genome comparison, there was no significant similarity between S-H68 and other known cyanophages. So the present study added a new Siphoviridae cyanophage to the marine phage dataset.The marine bacterium Neptunomonas concharum was firstly characterized in 2012. It preferred to utilize acetate as the carbon source to accumulate poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as intracellular carbon and energy storage. Here we report the genomic characteristics of N. concharum JCM17730T. The complete genome sequence of N. concharum JCM17730T consists of 3,561,992 bp in one contig, without plasmid. Analysis of coding sequences revealed the presence of genomic features involved in acetate assimilation and PHB metabolism. The genome of N. concharum JCM17730T contains three genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase and two genes encoding isocitrate lyase. Three polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases and one polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase are scattered throughout the genomic DNA. The genome features provide interesting insights into the acetate and PHB metabolism of N. concharum JCM17730T and would facilitate further research on the genetic engineering of marine bacteria for efficient PHB production.The Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) has been the focus of extensive research efforts in ecology, evolutionary biology, and physiology over the past three decades, but lack of genomic resources has so far hindered examination of the molecular basis underlying the remarkable patterns of phenotypic variation described in this species. We here present the first reference transcriptome for M. menidia. We sought to capture a single representative sequence from as many genes as possible by first using a combination of Trinity and the CLC Genomics Workbench to de novo assemble contigs based on RNA-seq data from multiple individuals, tissue types, and life stages. To reduce redundancy, we passed the combined raw assemblies through a stringent filtering pipeline based both on sequence similarity to related species and computational predictions of transcript quality, condensing an initial set of >480,000 contigs to a final set of 20,998 representative contigs, amounting to a total length of 53.3 Mb. In this final assembly, 91% of the contigs were functionally annotated with putative gene function and gene ontology (GO) terms and/or InterProScan identifiers. The assembly contains complete or nearly complete copies of >95% of 248 highly conserved core genes present in low copy number across higher eukaryotes, and partial copies of another 3.8%, suggesting that our assembly provides relatively comprehensive coverage of the M. menidia transcriptome. The assembly provided here will be an important resource for future research.The mycophenolic acid producing ascomycete Penicillium brevicompactum is considered to be an anamorphic (asexual) species, for which a sexual cycle was never observed. However, since recent reports of otherwise asexually propagating filamentous fungi have demonstrated a sexual cycle controlled by mating type loci, we carried out a molecular analysis of mating type loci from P. brevicompactum. Using data from extensive DNA sequencing analysis, we determined the mating type loci from 22 strains derived from various type culture collections. We found 8 strains carrying a MAT1-1 locus encoding a 362 amino acid alpha domain transcription factor. The other 14 possessed a MAT1-2 locus encoding a 298 amino acid HMG domain transcription factor. cDNA analysis confirmed that both mating type loci are transcriptionally expressed. The karyotype of six selected strains, determined using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis, demonstrated distinct differences in size and numbers of chromosomes between the strains investigated.