https://www.selleckchem.com/products/palazestrant.html RMSE values are of the order of 3 mm for all satellites, except OMI (7 mm) and POLDER (5 mm). Bias (MBE) is negligible for AIRS, close to +1.6 mm for GOME-2 and MODIS IR, +0.8 mm for MODIS NIR, +5.9 mm for OMI, -2.7 mm for POLDER and -1.2 mm for SCIAMCHY. All satellite products tend to overestimate small IWV values and underestimate large IWV values. Variability also increases with IWV. An underestimation of the satellite products and an increase on the variability is generally observed for large Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) values. Under cloudy conditions, underestimation and variability are increased. Seasonal behavior is driven by the typical cloud cover (CC), SZA, and IWV values. In summer, it is typical to find conditions with large IWV, small SZA and large CC values. Therefore, in summer months satellite products are more biased (either positively or negatively) and with more variability, but in relative terms they are less biased and exhibit less variability.Nitrate (NO3-) is one of the most widespread contaminants in groundwater primarily due to agricultural activities utilizing N-containing fertilizers and the presence of animal wastes. Hydrochemical and nitrate isotope data (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) from the unconfined aquifer in the urban area of Del Campillo city and its surrounding rural area with different land-use types, i.e. individual sanitation systems, agricultural areas and livestock breeding facilities, were generated to investigate the impact of nitrogen pollution sources and to assess N-biogeochemical processes. The Principal Component Analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic data were used to compare the factors that control the groundwater quality and particularly the nitrate concentrations in the urban and the rural area. The results showed that nitrate pollution in the urban area of Del Campillo city originated mainly from the on-site sanitation systems and/or animal domestic wastes, whereas