https://www.selleckchem.com/products/xl413-bms-863233.html Testing for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) can provide fundamental information about genetic variation and evolutionary processes in natural populations. In contrast to diploids, where genotype frequencies remain constant after a single episode of random mating, polyploids, characterized by polysomic inheritance, approach HWE gradually. Here, we mathematically show the asymptotic trajectory of tetraploid equilibrium from any initial genotype frequencies. We formulate a statistical framework to test and estimate the degree of deviation from HWE at individual loci in allotetraploids and autotetraploids. Knowledge about HWE test fills an important gap in population genetic studies of tetraploids related to their evolution and ecology.With the rapid development of nanotechnology, much has been anticipated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their extensive industrial and commercial applications. However, it has raised concerns over environmental safety and human health effects. In this study, AgNPs were bio-fabricated using aqueous extract of Microchaete and their medical applications like antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and apoptosis were done. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was continuously followed by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The physiochemical properties like shape, size, crystallinity, and polydispersity of the nanoparticles were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) along with EDX, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Biosynthesized 7.0 nm sized AgNPs with the crystalline structure (crystalline size 4.8 nm) having a hydrodynamic diameter of 38.74 ± 2.6 nm was achieved due to the involvement of reducing agents present in the cyanobacterial extract. The IC50 values of the AgNPs were evaluated as 75 µg/ml and 79.41 µg/ml with HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Different in-vitro cel