https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-Methylumbelliferone(4-MU).html To examine the impact of age and underlying comorbid conditions on swallowing in elderly patients with dysphagia. Charts of consecutive patients aged >64 studied by Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) between 2010 and 2018 at our institution were reviewed (n=731). Patients were categorized based on age into young old (aged 65-74), older old (aged 75-84) and oldest old (aged 85+). The underlying comorbidities and VFSS results were compared between different age groups. Dysphagia was more likely to be caused by presbyphagia (p<0.01) and dementia (p<0.0001) in the oldest old, whereas, head and neck cancers (p<0.0001) were more common in the young old cohort. In the absence of organic disease (e.g. cancer, stroke, dementia), aging was associated with prolonged oral transit time (OTT) (p<0.05) and aspiration after swallow (p<0.05). Compared to those with presbyphagia, patients with organic disease were more likely to have delayed pharyngeal swallow response (p<0.05) and aspiration to age-related sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles. Whereas, those with organic diseases have a higher rate of delayed pharyngeal swallow response and aspiration during swallow, likely due to sensorineural impairment. Thus, it is important to view the elderly as a heterogeneous group when evaluating patients with dysphagia.The present investigation deals with controlled synthesis of nanostructured NiCo2O4 thin films directly on stainless steel substrates by facile and economical chemical bath deposition technique, without adding a surfactant or a binder. The consequences of different compositions of solvents on morphological and electrochemical properties have been studied systematically. We used different solvent composition as Double Distilled Water (DDW), DDWEthanol (11) and DDW N, N dimethylformamide (11). The films have been named as NCO-W for DDW, NCO-WE for DDW Ethanol (11) solvent and NCO-WD for DDW N, N dimeth