https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html A meta-analysis was performed on 7 trials with complete quantitative data. The weighted difference in means was -0.16 mL/min (95% confidence interval -0.66 to 0.34 mL/min; p = 0.53), suggesting a small reduction in residual function following contrast administration. Significant heterogeneity in the data was observed, with a Cochran Q of 35.83 and an I2 of 83.25 (p less then 0.0001). Subgroup analysis of retrospective versus prospective study design resolved heterogeneity. Few data were reported for clinical outcomes. LIMITATIONS Small sample size of included studies. CONCLUSION Intravascularly administered contrast media may not result in a significant reduction of residual function in dialysis patients. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Lactation is a defining characteristic of all mammals, and, indeed, mammals draw their name from mammae, or mammary glands. The evolution of mammary glands has been the subject of debate since Charles Darwin. The purpose of this brief review is not to examine all past theories of mammary evolution but to consider the evolution of the mammary gland in relation to (1) modern paleobiology, giving special attention to the mammaliaforms which had many mammalian features, including delayed tooth development suggestive of milk intake. (2) Comparative aspects of mammary development in monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians, which reveal the close developmental relation of mammary glands to other skin glands and hair follicles. (3) The evolution of caseins, which are now known to derive from secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins, which have a long history in regulating biomineralization. (4) The evolution of lipid secretion, and especially the evolutionary incorporation of immune system components (such as xanthine oxidoreductase) into the fat globule membrane. (5) The evolution of lactose synthesis, and especially the synthesis of the wide array of oligosaccharides found in some milk