We characterize a functional lincRNA, XH123 in cotton seedling in defense of cold stress. The silencing of XH123 leads to increased sensitivity to cold stress and the decay of chloroplast. Cotton, which originated from the arid mid-American region, is one of the most important cash crops worldwide. Cultivated cotton is now widely spread throughout high-altitude regions such as those in the far northwest of Asia. In such areas, spring temperatures below 12 ℃ impose cold stress on cotton seedlings, with concomitant threat of lost yield and productivity. It is documented that cold stress can induce differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cotton; however, it is not yet clear if these cold-responsive lncRNAs are actively involved with tolerance of cold stress at the molecular level. Here, we select ten long intergenic non-coding RNAs as candidate genes and use virus-induced gene silencing and additional cold treatments to examine their roles in the response to cold stress during the cotton seess regulation in cotton during the seedling stage.
  The relative risk (RR) of infection for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unknown.
 
  This study evaluated the risk of infection for patients with solid tumors undergoing ICItherapy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.
 
  The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Pubmed databases were searched up to 1 December 2020. Randomized trials comparing any ICI alone, with chemotherapy (CT), or with other agents versus placebo, CT, or other agents were included. Three independent reviewers extracted the data. The primary outcome was the RR of all-grade (G) and G3-5 infections for patients receiving ICI-based treatments. Random or fixed-effect models were used according to statistical heterogeneity.
 
  A total of 21,451 patients from N=36 studies were eligible. ICIs were associated with a similar risk of all-grade infections (RR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.84-1.24; P = 0.85) versus non-ICI treatments (G1-5 events 9.6 versus 8.3%). When the ICIs alone were compared to CT, their use was associated with 4quired to identify high-risk patients and evaluate the need for CT dose reduction or prophylactic myeloid growth factors.
  Evidence of differences in the etiology of, and poorer survival from, proximal colon compared to the distal colorectum, necessitates research into its risk factors. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on medication use and proximal colon cancer risk.
 
  MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for prospective studies investigating nine medication groups, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exogenous hormones, i.e., hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), statins, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, metformin (an antidiabetic), antidiarrheals or laxatives, and the risk of proximal colon cancer. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses, using random effects models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were conducted.
 
  Twenty nine publications investigating NSAIDs (n = 13), exogenous hormones [HRT (n = 9) or OCs (n = 4)] statins (n = 5), anti-hypertensives (n = 1), and metformin (n = 1) were included. Summary RRs reported a protective effect of aspirin use (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) but no associations between HRT (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83-1.02), OC (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.14) or statin use (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.67-1.31), and proximal colon cancer incidence compared to never/non-use. One study on metformin and one on anti-hypertensives reported no association.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pexidartinib-plx3397.html  Sources of between-study heterogeneity included study design, period of exposure ascertainment,exposure source, and exposure comparison, but this exploration was hindered by the small numbers of studies.
 
  Despite some studies on NSAID or HRT use, evidence on the impact of a range of medications on proximal colon cancer risk is limited. This highlights the need for more research to inform chemoprevention strategies.
 Despite some studies on NSAID or HRT use, evidence on the impact of a range of medications on proximal colon cancer risk is limited. This highlights the need for more research to inform chemoprevention strategies.The relationship between outpatient and inpatient care is central to the current healthcare reform debate especially in developing countries. Despite the importance of this relationship to health policy makers, empirical evidence, particularly evidence that can be interpreted as causal is limited and inconclusive. This paper examines the effects of establishing a financing scheme for outpatient care on inpatient utilization and expenditure in China's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance scheme. Under a quasi-experimental design, we use a unique administrative insurance claim dataset and conduct a difference-in-differences analysis. Our results indicate that after the policy change, total number of admissions and total inpatient expenditure of the enrollees decreased by 0.47% and 6.05% respectively, which imply outpatient and inpatient care are substitutes, and the reduction in cost-sharing can release the underuse of the outpatient care, so as to reduce those excessive demands for inpatient care. Moreover, we present evidence that the effects on the admissions of Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions which should be sensitive to outpatient care intervention are relatively limited because of the lower reimbursement cap, inadequate capacity of the local primary care providers and stickiness in patients' healthcare-seeking behaviors. While the enrollees aged over 55 and retirees are more vulnerable to the medical prices, and the enrollees living in the central districts are more responsive because of the better and more accessible primary care.
  Persistent abnormal proliferation and long distant metastasis of tumors contribute to high mortality rate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Strategies that prevent NSCLC proliferation and/or metastasis have been studied but still need to be further explored. Numerous studies have proved the diversity functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exerted in cancer, including NSCLC. In this study, we aim to identify and investigate the role of novel lncRNAs in NSCLC progression.
 
  RNA sequence data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were screened out based on the R language, then real-time PCR experiment was introduced to detect the DElncRNA expression levels. A series of experiments including MTT, cell cycle, transwell, and wound healing assays were employed to explore the effect of DElncRNA MGC27382 on cell proliferation and invasion ability.
 
  We detected that DElncRNA MGC27382 is down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Overexpression of MGC27382 prevented NSCLC cell proliferation via down-regulating cyclin D1 and cyclin E.