INTRODUCTION Tinnitus assessment and management is an important component of audiology. The benefits of continuing education (CE) workshops in the field of tinnitus have not been published. This study evaluated the outcomes of a workshop centered around a Sound Therapy and Aural Rehabilitation for Tinnitus (START) framework.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-98014.html  Our hypotheses were that a CE workshop would (1) be useful, (2) improve clinician's knowledge and willingness to undertake tinnitus practice, and (3) result in learners using knowledge gained in their practice. METHODS Twenty-five participants attending a 3-day tinnitus workshop were invited to complete an evaluation immediately and 3 months after the workshop's completion. The workshop consisted of seminars and practical sessions. The pedagogical approaches employed were experiential (theory building, reflection, and testing) and community of practice (shared experiences). RESULTS Participants reported on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not useful-5 = excellent) a high level of satisfaction both immediately after the workshop (ratings of usefulness mean, 4.8; SD, 0.4; willingness to practice 4.6; SD. 0.6; ability to manage 4.6; SD, 0.5; all "excellent" ratings) and 3 months later (ratings of usefulness mean, 4.2; SD, 0.9, "very useful;" willingness to practice 4.6; SD, 0.6, "excellent;" ability to manage 4.1; SD. 0.5, "very useful"). Open-ended questions indicated participants made changes in their practice that reflected material provided in the CE. CONCLUSION The workshop was successful in improving knowledge and confidence of audiologists in undertaking tinnitus assessment and management, but the need for ongoing support and supervision was a common theme.OBJECTIVES To assess agreement among pelvic surgeons regarding the interpretation of exam under anesthesia (EUA), the methodology by which EUA should be performed, and the definition of a positive exam. DESIGN Survey SETTING Online surveyPatients/Participants Ten patients who presented to our level-1 trauma center with a pelvic ring injury were selected as clinical vignettes. Vignettes were distributed to 15 experienced pelvic surgeons INTERVENTION Exam under anesthesia MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Agreement regarding pelvic fracture stability (defined as >80% similar responses), need for surgical fixation, definition of an unstable EUA, and method of performing EUA. RESULTS There was agreement that a pelvic fracture was stable or unstable in 8 (80%) of 10 cases. There was agreement that fixation was required or not required in 6 (60.0%) of 10 cases. Seven (46.7%) surgeons endorsed performing a full 15-part EUA while the other 8 (53.3%) utilized an abbreviated or alternative method. Eight (53.3%) surgeons provided a definition of what constitutes a positive EUA while the remaining 7 did not endorse adhering to a strict definition. CONCLUSIONS Pelvic surgeons generally agree on what constitutes a positive or negative EUA, but not necessarily the implications of a positive or negative exam. There is no clear consensus among surgeons regarding the method of performing EUA nor the definition of a positive EUA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical utility of additional axillary or Velpeau views in evaluating potential shoulder trauma following a standard radiograph series of anteroposterior, Grashey, and/or trans-scapular views. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Level I academic medical center. PATIENTS All patients in a 10-year span who received an initial shoulder radiograph series followed by additional axillary/Velpeau views within 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The clinical utility of the additional axillary/Velpeau views, including the final diagnosis and treatment plan, as ascertained through examination of radiology reports, progress notes, and radiograph images. RESULTS A total of 271 cases were reviewed, with 35 patients being excluded from the final cohort because they received post-treatment radiographs to confirm a successful therapeutic outcome. The additional axillary/Velpeau views did not affect clinical decision making in 230 (97.5%) of the remaining 236 cases. All 6 patients whose care benefitted from the additional views carried the diagnosis of shoulder instability, accounting for 40% of this diagnostic group. The additional views confirmed an equivocal finding in 5 of these 6 cases and changed the diagnosis (demonstrating a posterior dislocation that was not evident on initial radiographs) and treatment plan (leading to a closed glenohumeral reduction procedure) in the other case. CONCLUSIONS Additional axillary/Velpeau views of suspected shoulder trauma rarely led to a change in the final treatment plan, except in patients in which a definitive diagnosis of stability or instability could not be made based on initial radiographs. A cost/benefit analysis is required to weigh the cost of additional radiographs with the benefit of capturing infrequent yet serious dislocations (usually posterior). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III diagnostic study.The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) mandated that medical countermeasures for treating Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) must have efficacy when administered at least 24 h after radiation exposure. At this time point, many cells within key target tissues, such as the hematopoietic system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, will already be dead. Therefore, drugs that promote the regeneration of surviving cells may improve outcomes. The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and regeneration in the hematopoietic and GI compartments. We tested inhibition of GSK-3β by SB216763 24 h after total body irradiation (TBI) and sub-total body irradiation (SBI). Here, we show that subcutaneous administration of SB216763 promotes the regeneration of surviving hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), including myeloid progenitor cells, and improves survival of C57Bl/6 male cate that SB216763 is not suitable for further drug development as a mitigator of ARS. Our studies demonstrate that activation of Wnt signaling in HSPCs promotes hematopoietic regeneration following radiation exposure, and targeting this pathway downstream of GSK-3β may mitigate ARS in a sex- and strain-independent manner.