https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cpi-1205.html This study aimed to investigate the presence of nematodes Spirocamallanus krameri and Contracaecum sp. in Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus caught in a lake in the state of Pará, in northern Brazil, eastern Amazon region (Brazil). From 92 hosts, 83.7% were infected, and a total of 401 parasites were covered. There was a high prevalence of S. krameri, while the predominance was of Contracaecum sp. larvae. Both parasite species presented aggregated dispersion, and abundance of these parasites presented positive correlation with weight and length of the hosts. Morphological and morphometric data of third-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. are described.Drug-herb interaction may lead to therapeutic failure or toxicities. This study investigates the effect of methanol extract of Carica papaya (papaya) on anti-malarial efficacy of artesunate and on hepato-renal toxicities in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Five groups comprising of twenty-five mice were used for the study. Group 1 mice were non-infected and served as normal control while groups 2-5 were all parasitized. Group 2 mice were without treatment and served as parasitemia control. Group 3 mice were treated with 400 mg/kg of the extract alone while group 4 mice received 5 mg/kg of artesunate. The last group received a combination of 400 mg/kg of the extract and 5 mg/kg of artesunate. The treatment lasted five consecutive days during which daily packed cell volume and parasitemia levels were evaluated. At the end of the treatment period, mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected to determine some haematological parameters, liver and kidney function parameters and levels of oxidative stress. Co-administration of Carica papaya and artesunate significantly (P˂0.01) reduced daily parasitemia load and significantly (P˂0.01) mitigated drastic reduction in packed cell volume, red blood cells and haemoglobin levels. The combination significantly (P˂0.01) attenuated o