https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brr2-inhibitor-c9.html The Bartholin’s glands (or greater vestibular glands) are important organs of the female reproductive system. Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin Secundus first described them in 1677. Their primary function is the production of a mucoid secretion that aids in vaginal and vulvar lubrication. The glands are located in the vulvar vestibule, at either side of the external orifice of the vagina. They are homologous to the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands in males. Bartholin gland pathology may present as an asymptomatic mass, causing only vulvar asymmetry. Symptomatic masses may exhibit severe tenderness, surrounding erythema, and edema. Cysts and abscesses often form in women of reproductive age and do not require treatment. Rarely, mass biopsy and excision may be necessary if malignancy is suspected.The papillary muscles of the heart are pillar-like muscles seen within the cavity of the ventricles, attached to their walls. They have an integral role in proper cardiac valvular function. They arise from the inner walls of the left and right ventricle and attach to mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets respectively via chordae tendinae. Historical documentation of the existence of papillary muscles as a component of cardiac anatomy exists at least as early as the 16th century. This article will describe the structure, function, embryology, blood supply, lymphatics, nerves, physiologic variants, surgical considerations, and clinical significance of the papillary muscles of the heart.Propranolol is a competitive beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, devoid of agonist activity, making it the prototype for comparison to the other beta-antagonists. A British scientist, Sir James Black, first developed propranolol for the treatment of angina pectoris. Over the following years, propranolol started to gain recognition in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disease processes, making it a widely u