Benign epithelial tumors of the lung are uncommon and can represent a diagnostic challenge. Herein, we describe one such emblematic case. A 59-year-old former smoker male was admitted to the hospital complaining of cough for a long time. A radiological examination showed a centrally excavated mass strictly connected to the visceral pleura. The patient underwent tumorectomy. At gross examination, the tumor was composed of solid and cystic areas containing clear liquid. Histological examination highlighted a sub-pleural encapsulated tumor, with foci of capsular invasion, characterized by a single layer of columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells lining moderately cellular fibro-vascular cores. A wide spectrum of immunohistochemical markers was performed. The final diagnosis was suggestive of a peripheral pulmonary papillary tumor of undetermined malignant potential. At the last follow-up, six years after surgery, no recurrence or metastases were described. Reporting this case, we would like to point out the existence of these rare entities that should be taken into account in the diagnostic process, thus avoiding potential misdiagnosis. Moreover, the presence of capsular invasion should be better investigated in order to reconsider the exact terminology of the tumor and the classification of its malignant potential.Although porcine mitral bioprostheses provide predictably good long-term outcomes, unexpected leaflet tears leading to abrupt haemodynamic changes may occur. Here, we report on a patient who was presented with acute dyspnea due to a cuspal tear of a porcine bioprosthetic mitral valve causing severe mitral regurgitation. Her condition was subsequently complicated by a systemic infection, probably pneumonia, and was successfully managed with an urgent redo-mitral valve replacement.Automatic wheelchairs have evolved in terms of instrumentation and control, solving the mobility problems of people with physical disabilities. With this work it is intended to establish the background of the instrumentation and control methods of automatic wheelchairs and prototypes, as well as a classification in each category. To this end a search of specialised databases was carried out for articles published between 2012 and 2019. Out of these, 97 documents were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following categories were proposed for these articles (a) wheelchair instrumentation and control methods, among which there are systems that implement micro-electromechanical sensors (MEMS), surface electromyography (sEMG), electrooculography (EOG), electroencephalography (EEG), and voice recognition systems; (b) wheelchair instrumentation, among which are found obstacle detection systems, artificial vision (image and video), as well as navigation systems (GPS and GSM). The results found in this review tend towards the use of EEG signals, head movements, voice commands, and algorithms to avoid obstacles. The most used techniques involve the use of a classic control and thresholding to move the wheelchair.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/camostat-mesilate-foy-305.html  In addition, the discussion was mainly based on the characteristics of the user and the types of control. To conclude, the articles exhibited the existing limitations and possible solutions in their designs, as well as informing the physically disabled community about the technological developments in this field.Nearly half of the world's population relies on combustion of solid biofuels to cover fundamental energy demands. Epidemiologic data demonstrate that particularly long-term emissions adversely affect human health. However, pathological molecular mechanisms are insufficiently characterized. Here we demonstrate that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from biomass combustion had no impact on cellular viability and proliferation but increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Activation of Nrf2 was promoted by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK1/2, but not p38 or Akt, which were also induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, cells exposed to PM2.5 acquired chemoresistance to doxorubicin, which was associated with inhibition of apoptosis and elevated levels of GSH in these cells. Our findings propose that exposure to PM2.5 induces molecular defense mechanisms, which prevent cellular damage and may thus explain the initially relative rare complications associated with PM2.5. However, consistent induction of pro-survival pathways may also promote the progression of diseases. Environmental conditions inducing anti-oxidative responses may have the potential to promote a chemoresistant cellular phenotype.Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging problem of the 21st century. The prevalence has increased, reaching an alarming rate. Furthermore, the problem is global and is also affecting low- and middle-income countries. This global obesity epidemic explains how the roots of cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of mortality among adults, begin in childhood. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and to develop noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Thus, prevention should be the major goal and should start early in life. The aim of this review is to present an updated framework of the current understanding of the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in obese children and adolescents and to discuss the available therapeutic options.The antioxidant properties of foods are crucial in nutrition, food chemistry, and medicine studies but are often underestimated, with significant amounts of bioactive compounds containing physiological and biochemical properties remaining in the residue from extraction as non-extractable antioxidants. Over the last decade, extractable and non-extractable compounds have become key in the evaluation/determination of the antioxidant properties of food matrices because of their relevance in human health. This has led to the need to include extractable and non-extractable antioxidants in comprehensive and harmonized food composition databases for a wide range of applications within research, food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical areas. Additionally, the databases are invaluable as part of the health claims application process. eBASIS, (Bioactive Substances in Food Information System) a comprehensive database containing quality-evaluated scientific data, covering the composition of bioactive compounds present in foods, has flexible structures, allowing it to be extended to include newly emerging data on extractable and non-extractable compounds.