https://www.selleckchem.com/products/xmu-mp-1.html Due to the increasing use of anti-TNF-α therapy also in the paediatric population, it seems reasonable to evaluate this subject in this group of patients.Aim of the study The study aimed to analyze an association between the HLA-A gene variation and a risk of type 1 diabetes development and to evaluate the association of HLA class I and class II alleles with β-cell destruction. Material and methods A group of 108 children with type 1 diabetes were genotyped in HLA-A, -DRB1, and -DQB1 genes using hybridization with oligonu-cleotides probes. Plasma C-peptide concentration was assessed by radioimmunoassay method. Results No differences in allele HLA-A distribution between type 1 diabetes patients and healthy individuals were found. Among "low C-peptide"( less then 0.28 pmol/ml) individuals, the frequency of HLA-A*02 allele was 41.3%, whereas only one HLA-A*26 allele was detected in this group (0.7%). Conversely, among "high C-peptide"( 0.28 pmol/ml) probands the prevalence of A*02 allele was 19.7% (Pc = 0.008, OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7) and A*26 10.5 % (Pc less then 0.007, OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02-0.9). Genotype analysis showed that A*02/*02 and A*02/X children were more likely to have "low" C-peptide at the onset compared to those with non-A*02/non-A*02 genotype (p = 0.008, OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.0 and p = 0.015, OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, respectively). A02 phenotype individuals had lower median C-peptide (0.17 pmol/ml) than non-A02 patients (0.26 pmol/ml, p = 0.008). Median C-peptide was higher in the A26-positive group comparing to A26-negative (0.40 and 0.20, respectively, p = 0.04). No association between HLA class II and C-peptide levels was observed. Conclusions HLA-A alleles are not associated with disease development nevertheless strongly influence a residual pancreatic β-cell function. The results suggest a different role of HLA class I and class II in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.Background/aims Sodium is a ke