https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fhd-609.html 2 ± 4.9) and micronuclei (36.0 ± 8.5). The GArg+5-FU rats showed significantly reduced (P  less then  0.05) jejunal lesions (10.2 ± 4.9) and micronuclei (15.4 ± 5.9). In conclusion L-arginine supplementation potentially reduces the jejunal lesions and DNA damage caused by 5-FU.Background Five EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) are currently available in the first-line setting for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. The aim here was to compare the relative efficacy of EGFR TKIs in the Japanese population. Materials & methods A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of first-line EGFR TKIs. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to assess these EGFR TKI comparisons for progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of seven randomized controlled trials were identified and considered for network meta-analysis. Dacomitinib showed a trend toward improved PFS versus all comparators. Conclusion Dacomitinib demonstrated a trend toward improved PFS and therefore, should be considered one of the standard first-line therapies for Japanese patients diagnosed with EGFR+ non-small-cell lung cancer.Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with multi-pathways pathogenesis. Sildenafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor with a potential benefit in the treatment of AD. This study investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the effect of sildenafil in AD with emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Twenty-four adult male rats were classified into four groups; control group received vehicles, sildenafil-control received sildenafil (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.), AD group received Aluminum (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.), AD-treated group received sildenafil (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 weeks. AD was assessed by memory performance test and confirmed by histopathological examination and immunostaining