https://www.selleckchem.com/ Understanding the drivers of HIV-1 transmission is of importance for curbing the ongoing epidemic. Phylogenetic methods based on single viral sequences allow us to assess whether two individuals are part of the same viral outbreak, but cannot on their own assess who potentially transmitted the virus. We developed and assessed a molecular epidemiology method with the main aim to screen cohort studies for and to characterize individuals who are 'potential HIV-1 transmitters', in order to understand the drivers of HIV-1 transmission. We developed and validated a molecular epidemiology approach using longitudinally sampled viral Sanger sequences to characterize potential HIV-1 transmitters in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Our method was able to identify 279 potential HIV-1 transmitters and allowed us to determine the main epidemiological and virological drivers of transmission. We found that the directionality of transmission was consistent with infection times for 72.9% of 85 potential HIV-1 transmissions wiion at the population level to be characterized.Filler rhinoplasty is a popular procedure in Asia, and it is of great importance to understand the clinical efficacy and durability of the different filler products that serve this purpose. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the safety, efficacy, and longevity of two different hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in improving the nasal profile in Asians. A multicenter comparative trial was performed for 48 weeks after a single injection of a popular monophasic monodensified, and a newly developed biphasic HA filler. Assessments including patient satisfaction and three-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis were performed before, immediately after, 2 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks after filler rhinoplasty. Twenty-eight Korean women underwent structured rhinoplasty were divided into monophasic monodensified (n = 14) and biphasic (n = 14) groups. There were significant changes in the facial prof