Indeed, DOC patients need a multidisciplinary approach in which both caregivers and nurses have a pivotal role.
 
  As the family is a critical and fundamental aspect in the management of DOC patients, it should be considered an integral part of care in the future guidelines.
 As the family is a critical and fundamental aspect in the management of DOC patients, it should be considered an integral part of care in the future guidelines.
  Veterans are military with health problems due to military conditions. The improved body armor and operational conditions has reduced the number of deaths, but increased the number of veterans with severe injuries, affected by musculoskeletal pain and associated syndromes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Multimodal approaches are considered in USA the gold standard for the treatment of these problems, while in Europe and Italy the data are unknown. The aim of this review was to describe and summarize multimodal therapeutic approaches that apply to the veteran population for chronic musculoskeletal pain and relate syndromes management.
 
  A comprehensive systematic review of the literature on Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL e PsycINFO databases was conducted, from 2001 to 2020.
 
  228 papers have been found, 134 were selected after the first screening. 24 quantitative studies were included in the review, all from USA. Different multimodal interventions with different kind of treatment types emerged. The analyzed studies' sample size was 11 million (mean age = 57.67 years; SD=±11.94). The multimodal approaches showed a significant improvement in all outcomes (pain reduction and control, opioid therapy reduction, psychosocial outcomes) compared to traditional therapy.
 
  Multimodal therapeutic approaches seem to guarantee a good management chronic musculoskeletal pain and related mental disorders, and the reduction and control to opioid use. Military nurses emerged as professionals who have a central role in this approach. European and Italian authorities should consider veterans, in order to assess their expected increase in the future.
 Multimodal therapeutic approaches seem to guarantee a good management chronic musculoskeletal pain and related mental disorders, and the reduction and control to opioid use. Military nurses emerged as professionals who have a central role in this approach. European and Italian authorities should consider veterans, in order to assess their expected increase in the future.
  The perceptions of professionals involved in cancer care regarding the importance of their symptoms-specific knowledge, unwarranted clinical variation (UCV), and inequalities in access to healthcare are still underdescribed. This study aims to confirm the construct validity of a previously initially developed questionnaire and describe nurses' perceptions about the relevance of their knowledge referred to cancer symptoms management, the UCV, the inequalities in access to healthcare, and malpractice risk.
 
  A cross-sectional pan-national study was conducted using a convenience sample, collecting data through a previously initially validated questionnaire. Construct validity was corroborated through confirmatory factor analysis, and descriptive statistics were employed for summarizing the questionnaire's scores. The scores between the nurses working in accredited cancer centers and nurses employed in general hospitals were inferentially compared.
 
  The sample comprised 810 nurses, 480 were nurses working in accredited cancer centers, and 330 were nurses working in general hospitals.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lificiguat-yc-1.html  The questionnaire showed adequate construct validity and reliability. Nurses perceived the cluster of psychosocial symptoms with a greater risk of UCV and inequalities in access to cancer services than the cluster of physical symptoms.
 
  A paradigm shift aimed at integrating psychosocial cancer symptoms in the care paths emerged as pivotal for improving Italy's cancer care.
 A paradigm shift aimed at integrating psychosocial cancer symptoms in the care paths emerged as pivotal for improving Italy's cancer care.
  Psychosocial needs in cancer patients seem to be underestimated and undertreated. The present research was designed to explore under-considered psychosocial needs (e.g., stressful life events, perceived social support, sense of mastery and depressive/anxious symptoms) of a female cancer group. The aim of the study was to test an assessment psycho-oncological model for female cancer patients. An assessment model of psychosocial needs and Stressful Life Events was operationalized and tests its predictive power.
 
  We used Discriminant Analysis to test predictive power of the model and of the single variables included in it. 236 oncological patients (mean age 55.50 ± 13.09) were matched with 232 healthy control groups in the study. The following instruments were chosen the Florence Psychiatric Interview, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck Depression Inventory I, and Sense of Mastery.
 
  The model satisfied the assumption criteria and was significant (Ʌ= .6 Recent life events and high level of anxiety and depression could positively benefit from a psychotherapy treatment.
  Palliative Care professionals are exposed to intense emotional environment. This puts them at risk for Compassion Fatigue and Burnout. The protective factors that can counter their onset are Compassion Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Resilience. Expressive Writing is a valid tool for adapting to traumatic events and enhancing psychological well-being. Aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the Expressive Writing in Palliative Care professionals on Compassion Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Resilience, Compassion Fatigue and perceived distress.
 
  Prospective experimental study with experimental/control groups and pre/post measurements. 50 Palliative Care professionals were recruited in Northern and Central Italy. Participants filled Organizational Commitment Questionnaire; ProQol - revision III; Resilience Scale for Adults; Impact of Event-Scale Revised; Emotion Thermometer; ad hoc questionnaire for the evaluation of protocol usefulness.
 
  Wilcoxon test demonstrated change in Continuative Commitment (Z = -3.