https://www.selleckchem.com/products/etomoxir-na-salt.html However, temporary endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) after SEMS insertion could also achieve short-term efficacy. Patients with ENBD but without dilation showed similar short-term outcome as compared to patients with dilation but without ENBD. CONCLUSIONS Dilation with small caliber balloon catheter before SEMS insertion is a safe and effective approach for MBO. Balloon dilation could improve the short-term efficacy of SEMES, while the long-term outcomes were not obviously affected. The short-term effect of stricture dilation could be replaced by ENBD. However, further studies are essential to confirm the current results. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE To compare the risk of haemorrhagic complications in elective macular surgery between patients with no antithrombotic (AT) treatment (defined as patients with no history of AT therapy or who discontinued AT therapy) and patients who continued AT treatment during the surgery. METHODS E-case report forms were prospectively recorded in a database before vitreoretinal surgery and 1 month after. Data on patient characteristics, surgical techniques, haemorrhagic complications and antithrombotic status were collected. Patients with retinal detachment, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and previous retinal haemorrhage were excluded. RESULTS A total of 748 procedures (single procedure in one eye per patient) were performed between January and May 2019. Among them, 202 patients (27.0%) were treated with antithrombotic therapy at the time of surgery 19.5% with antiplatelet agents (n = 146), 6.3% with anticoagulants (n = 47) including 3.2% (n = 24) patients treated with novel oral anticoagulants, 0.8% (n = 6) with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, and 0.4% (n = 3) with heparin. Overall, 92 patients (12.3%) developed one or more haemorrhagic complications, of which