Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results The results showed that there was no significant relationship between any of the variables with being left- or right-handed. A significant relationship was observed only between the lowest plaque index and handedness (P less then 0.05). Conclusion A relationship cannot be considered between the handedness of children and their oral health status.Background Anal fissure which is defined as a longitudinal tear in anoderm below the dentate line is one of the most common benign diseases of anorectal area. Severe pain during the defecation and emotional stress that it causes may reduce people's quality of life. Aims In this randomized clinical trial, we aimed to compare the efficiency of the topical ointment with medical treatment and surgical lateral internal sphincterotomy. Method This is a randomized clinical trial of 550 patients who were treated for chronic anal fissure. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the treatment type they received. Results In a vast majority of the patients, the primary complaint was pain (92.3%) and bleeding during defecation (62%). Both pain relief and healing of the fissure, which are the components of response to treatment, had not been observed in 56 (37.3%) patients of topical nitroglycerin ointment group until the second month. Among the recalcitrant patients in both topical nitroglycerin (56) and topical diltiazem ointment (47) groups, 27 (48.2%), and 36 (76.5%) patients underwent surgery, respectively. The best response to treatment was also obtained in lateral internal sphincterotomy group. Conclusion LIS is still the gold standard for the treatment of chronic anal fissure when the physicians would like to avoid recurrence and obtain the best pain relief.Objectives To study the prevalence of middle mesial and middle distal canals in permanent mandibular molars in Egyptian subpopulation using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods Two hundred and forty extracted mandibular permanent molars of Egyptian patients were scanned using micro-computed tomography, then the images were reconstructed to allow for the detection of the middle mesial (MM) and middle distal (MD) canals of the molars examined. The path of each extra canal was studied to determine the configuration of each canal. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test with a level of significance set at P less then 0.05. Results The evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) images of this study showed that no significant difference was found between the percentage of MM (27.5%) and MD canals (22.5%) (P = 0.2064); however, there was a significant difference between the percentage of teeth having both extra canals (10%) and teeth having only one of these canals (P less then 0.05). The confluent configuration (71%) was significantly higher than the other configurations (P less then 0.05). Conclusion A higher percentage of MM canal was detected followed by the MD canal. The least significant was both canals occurring within the same molar. The percentage of the confluent configuration was the highest. The apt knowledge of the variations of the root canal system anatomy and the respect of the discrepancies associated with diverse demographic areas will ensure the proper management of each tooth with endodontic involvement and its long-term success.Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tooth color, ceramic color, and ceramic thickness on the final color parameters of a feldspathic computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) ceramic material. Materials and Methods Resin specimens (12 × 14 × 4 mm) were prepared from six shades, namely, 0M1S, 1M1S, 2M3S, 3M2S, 4M3S, and 5M3S, to simulate tooth color. Ceramic slices with thicknesses of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 mm were sectioned from Vitablocs Mark II (12 × 14 × 18 mm) in 10 shades-OM1C, 1M1C, 1M2C, 2M1C, 2M2C, 2M3C, 3M1C, 3M2C, 3M3C, and 4M2C. An intraoral spectrophotometer was used and three axes of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) LAB color space (CIE L* a* b*) and chroma (C) and hue (H) values were obtained. Results The a* and b* values showed a decrease with increasing thickness. Generally, C decreased with the increasing ceramic thickness.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2874455.html  The effect of ceramic thickness on H changed depending on the block and substructure color. The change of ceramic thickness resulted in changes in the lightness parameter (L*) of the ceramics. Generally, with an increase in the thickness, the L* value increased. The univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant interaction between ceramic thickness and substructure color (P less then . 005) and ceramic thickness and ceramic color (P less then . 005). Conclusion The final color parameters of a feldspathic CAD/CAM block were significantly affected by the changes in the ceramic thickness and substructure color.Objective This paper aims to provide a Spanish version of the nursing students'' perceptions of instructor caring with content validity and reliability. Methods A forward and backward translation procedure was conducted, and a panel of 15 experts assessed face validity. Content validity was established by calculating content validity indexes for each item and for the scale. The internal consistency was assessed in a sample of 120 students. Results Content validity indexes resulted in higher than 0.78 for all items except Does not reveal any of his or her personal sides and serves as a trusted resource for personal problem solving; content validity index for the scale was 0.9 and Cronbach α was 0.942. Discussion Results regarding reliability were similar to that of other studies in which the nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring has been used as a measuring tool. Item 12 deletion implies a considerable improvement in internal consistency. Conclusion The Spanish nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring is a valid and reliable tool to be used in the Spanish context. Its use will enhance the understanding of clinical mentors' impact on nursing students.