https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ltgo-33.html Seed number reached the maximum values at T2 under the same level of precipitation treatment. Seed size was significantly lower under low precipitation compared to other water supply treatments and the lowest values in seed size, about 0.5 mg, occurred at T2 under all the precipitation regimes. The lowest values in spike number were under low precipitation at all seedling emergence times. Seed yield exhibited similar trends with seed size under different precipitation regimes, while the greatest gains in these values were at T1 under all the precipitation regimes. Our findings showed that simulated precipitation regimes and seedling emergence time affected the reproductive strategy of C. virgata. Typical and high precipitation, as well as early seedling emergence, will improve the seed yield and seed quality in this species. ©2020 Wang et al.Background Quantitativereal-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is the common method to quantify relative gene expression. Normalizating using reliable genes is critical in correctly interpreting expression data from qRT-PCR. Euscaphis konishii is a medicinal plant with a long history in China, which has various chemical compounds in fruit. However, there is no report describing the selection of reference genes in fruit development of Euscaphis konishii. Methods We selected eight candidate reference genes based on RNA-seq database analysis, and ranked expression stability using statistical algorithms GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ReFinder. Finally, The nine genes related to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of Euscaphis konishii were used to verify the suitability of reference gene. Results The results showed that the stability of EkUBC23, EkCYP38 and EkGAPDH2 was better, and the low expression reference genes (EkUBC23 and EkCYP38) were favourable for quantifying low expression target genes, while the high expression reference gene (EkGAPDH2) was beneficial