Most adolescents will experience discomfort during menstruation. Due to normalization of dysmenorrhea, there is delay to diagnosis and treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are a first line treatment. Adolescents can safely be offered menstrual suppression with combined hormonal contraception, and progestin-only options. When the above are ineffective, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists with add back treatment can be considered. Transabdominal ultrasound is indicated when first line treatments do not improve symptoms. Endometriosis should be considered in adolescents who experience ongoing pain despite medical treatment. If laparoscopy is performed and endometriosis visualized, it should be treated with either excision or ablation. Women with endometriosis should be counselled on menstrual suppression until fertility is desired. Management of chronic pain requires the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team.This article reviews the current understanding and management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents. It is hoped that this review will provide readers with an approach to the evaluation and treatment of mild to severe uterine bleeding. AUB is a common problem which has significantly adverse effects on an affected adolescent’s quality of life. The most common underlying condition in AUB in adolescence is anovulation. During the evaluation, pregnancy, trauma and sexually transmitted diseases must be ruled out, regardless of history. It should be kept in mind that AUB during this period may be the first sign of underlying bleeding disorders. Although observation is sufficient in the mild form of AUB, at the other end of the spectrum life-threatening bleeding may necessitate the use of high doses of combined oral contraceptives, intravenous estrogen and/or interventional procedures.AIM We aimed to reveal the incidence and predictive role of insulin resistance and distorted oral glucose tolerance test in non-diabetic patients with Bell's Palsy (BP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-six patients with BP and 28 control subjects; all with normal blood glucose levels and no history of diabetes, were enrolled in the study. We investigated insulin resistance (IR) in all subjects, in terms of HOMA-IR greater than 2.7. Sixty-two of the patients also underwent an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). RESULTS The mean HOMA-IR value was significantly increased in patients, compared to the control group (3.2 vs 1.6; p less then 0.01). IR was detected more in BP patients than in controls (p less then 0.05). The patients with higher HOMA-IR values had more severe facial dysfunction at the initial presentation and complete recovery time took longer than the patients with normal HOMA-IR value (75 days vs 42 days; p less then 0.05). Following a 2h-OGTT, impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed DM was found in 60% of the patients. Recovery time was significantly longer in prediabetics and newly diagnosed diabetic patients than in patients with normal glycemia (68 days, 52 days and 32 days, respectivel194-196y; p less then 0.01). CONCLUSION There is a strong linkage between HOMA-IR value and BP prognosis so HOMA-IR value may have a significant role of predicting BP prognosis at presentation.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and identify the predictors of mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS Medical records of all incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients followed up between January 2011 and May 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were followed up until death, renal transplantation, transfer to hemodialysis or the end of the study. RESULTS A total of 242 patients were included in the study. The incidence of peritonitis was 0.18 (range 0 - 14.9) episodes per patient year. Death occurred in 28% (n68) of cases. Age, diabetes mellitus, malignancy and refractory heart failure were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality according to multivariate analysis. The presence of comorbid disease and diabetes mellitus and patients aged > 65 years were associated with increased risk of mortality and decreased patient survival. Peritonitis history was associated with increased risk of mortality. Between peritonitis and peritonitis-free group, there was no significant difference in Kaplan-Meier curves in terms of patient survival Conclusion This is the first study to define 9-year mortality predictors in PD patients in our center. Although peritonitis is the most feared complication of PD, our study showed that peritonitis did not reduce patient survival.BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Glasgow-Blatchford score, shock index, and Forrest classification in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 955 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were assessed using the Glasgow-Blatchford score and shock index, as well as the Forrest classification based on gastroscopic results. The correlation between the Glasgow-Blatchford score and shock index was determined using scatter plot analysis, and the correlation between the Glasgow-Blatchford score or shock index and Forrest classification was determined using Spearman?s analysis. RESULTS Both the Glasgow-Blatchford score and shock index showed highest values in patients with Forrest class IIa. The Glasgow-Blatchford score was significantly higher than patients with Forrest class Ib/IIc/III (P less then 0.05), and the shock index was significantly higher than patients with Forrest class Ib/IIb/III (P less then 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the Glasgow-Blatchford score and shock index, with r=0.427 (P less then 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between the Glasgow-Blatchford score and Forrest classification, with r=-0.111 (P less then 0.01), and between the shock index and Forrest classification, with r=-0.138 (P less then 0.01).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pifithrin-alpha.html  CONCLUSIONS A moderate correlation was observed between the Glasgow-Blatchford score and shock index in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding, and the correlation between Forrest classification and Glasgow-Blatchford score or shock index was relatively low.