https://www.selleckchem.com/products/flt3-in-3.html Virulence assays showed strong differences in virulence between the genetic groups, ranging from low to highly virulent. Interestingly, pathogenic Streptomyces spp. populations in each field seem to be dominated by the most virulent genetic groups. The results obtained will contribute to better understanding of the population dynamic of pathogenic Streptomyces spp. causing CS of potato and promoting the development of more efficient detection and intervention tools to manage this important potato disease.By 2019, Florida's citrus production declined over 70%, mostly due to Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Thermotherapy on HLB-affected trees was proposed to maintain short-term field productivity. Thermotherapy could eliminate HLB from affected branches was hypothesized, therefore objectives were to show which time-temperature combinations eliminated CLas from woody tissues. Valencia twigs collected from HLB-affected field trees were steam chamber treated at different time-temperature combinations [50°C for 60 s, 55°C for 0 s, 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120s, 60°C for 30 s, and untreated control (UTC)]. Three independent repetitions of 13 branches/treatment were used, grafted onto rootstocks, and tested for CLas after 6, 9, and 12 months. For the RNA-based CLas viability assay, 3 branches/treatment were treated, and bark samples peeled for RNA extraction and subsequent gene expression analysis. From grafting study, at 12 months after grafting, four trees grafted with twigs treated at 55°C for 90 s or 55°C for 120 s had detectable CLas DNA. In those individuals, titers were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.0001) and could be degrading DNA remnants. Additionally, CLas 16S rRNA expression decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) at 55°C for 90 s, 55°C for 120 s, and 60°C for 30 s (3.4-, 3.4- and 2.3-fold change, respectively) 5 days post-treatment. Heat injury, not total CLas kill, cou