https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-1000394.html l responsibilities, and being in the position of a "semi-physician." These findings shed light on the identity transition from student to practitioner within such a curricular structure.In the 1980s and early 1990s, Dr. Barrie Carter served as the Chief of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, at the National Institutes of Health. During that time, his group performed seminal work in Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV2) biology, including creating one of the first infectious clones of AAV2 and some of the first packaged AAV2 vectors. This work contributed substantially to the development of AAVs as gene therapy vectors. Part of the success of the group was due to Dr. Carter's ability to attract and manage a diverse team of talented individuals who synergized into a collaborative group that was more than the sum of its parts. This review describes some of the promising practices employed by the Carter group, which allowed such a diverse group to function so well. These practices included promoting a culture of co-mentoring, open communication, and respectful questioning.Arterial stiffness is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications causing isolated systolic hypertension and increased pulse pressure in the microvasculature of target organs. Stiffening of the arterial wall is determined by common mechanisms including reduced elastin/collagen ratio, production of elastin cross-linking, reactive oxygen species-induced inflammation, calcification, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction. This brief review will discuss current biological mechanisms by which other cardiovascular risk factors (eg. aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease) cause arterial stiffness, with a particular focus on recent advances regarding nuclear mechanotransduction, mitochondrial oxid