Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a congenital anomaly wherein the persistent reflux of the pancreatic juice into the biliary tract induces biliary tract cancer. The prediction criteria for gallbladder carcinogenesis have been reported previously through results obtained from examining carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic cases with the parameters that classified each confluent form in PBM. This study aimed to validate these previous study results and provide new recommendations for gallbladder carcinogenesis prevention. Twenty-four patients with PBM underwent hepaticojejunostomy. The prediction criteria for gallbladder carcinogenesis consist of three elements. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rocaglamide.html The confluent forms that satisfied none or one of the three criteria were defined as a low score group, and those that satisfied two or three were defined as the high score group. Immunohistology and pathological search were performed on the gallbladders' sections in both groups to evaluate chronic inflammation. The cases with dysplasia, positive Ki67 labeling index, and gallbladder cancer were more common in the high score group and tended to have more lymphocyte infiltration. These findings indicate that the degree of inflammation and cell proliferation might be more severe in the high score group than in the low score group. There is a close relationship between the confluent form and the histopathological findings of the gallbladder in patients with PBM. The confluent forms observed in the high score group might have an additional correlation with increased proliferation activity and subsequent malignant transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. There is a close relationship between the confluent form and the histopathological findings of the gallbladder in patients with PBM. The confluent forms observed in the high score group might have an additional correlation with increased proliferation activity and subsequent malignant transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. Impalement injury is a type of penetrating trauma that is rarely mentioned and studied in the medical literature. Patients who could show up at the emergency room are those who got an isolated stab wound in their extremities. The torso injuries are usually fatal in the scene of the accident. We report two metal bars that impaled in the pelvic, back, abdomen and thorax of the patient who was admitted in OR directly. A 20 year-old construction worker fell down on two metal bars. At the scene; we cut the metallic bars off the column and then we transported the patient keeping the foreign bodys in situ. Right sided tube thoracostomy was done, and then the patient had an exploratory laparotomy detecting vital organs that had be injured before taking out the 2bars. The technique steps focused mainly on checking heart, lung, liver, kidney, main vessels and spinal cord; respectively. Third world countries should provide a safety environment for construction workers. Surgeons should be able to make a decision to operate the patient immediately without time wasting by unnecessary investigation. This investigation could be useful later intra-operatively. The safety of workers should be strongly recommended in non-developed countries and it plays a main role in the rescuing. More case series are needed to share and improve the medical practice in dealing with this rare but fatal situation. The safety of workers should be strongly recommended in non-developed countries and it plays a main role in the rescuing. More case series are needed to share and improve the medical practice in dealing with this rare but fatal situation. Here we report a case of a middle-aged man who complained of blurred vision in his left eye 1h post cardiac catheterization and proved to have central retinal artery occlusion, a dangerous but potentially treatable sight-threatening complication of cardiac-catheterization. The patient was successfully treated through an Ophthalmological surgical intervention. A 49- year-old male patient admitted to the coronary care unit as a case of non-ST-elevation-myocardial infarction. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization and stenting of the right coronary artery. One hour later, he complained of blurred vision in his left eye. Ophthalmological examination showed an inferior visual field defect in the left eye. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed that the patient had a hemi-central retinal artery occlusion, a rare complication of cardiac catheterization. A pars plana vitrectomy eye surgery was performed with an excellent result. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and treatment of central retinal artery occlusion post cardiac catheterization. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and treatment of central retinal artery occlusion post cardiac catheterization. Blood flow is a crucial measurement in the assessment of heart valve disease. Time-resolved flow using magnetic resonance imaging (4 D flow MRI) can provide a comprehensive assessment of heart valve hemodynamics but it relies in manual plane analysis. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of automate the detection and tracking of aortic and mitral valve planes to assess blood flow from 4 D flow MRI. In this prospective study, a total of  = 106 subjects were enrolled 19 patients with mitral disease, 65 aortic disease patients and 22 healthy controls. Machine learning was employed to detect aortic and mitral location and motion in a cine three-chamber plane and a perpendicular projection was co-registered to the 4 D flow MRI dataset to quantify flow volume, regurgitant fraction, and a peak velocity. Static and dynamic plane association and agreement were evaluated. Intra- and inter-observer, and scan-rescan reproducibility were also assessed. Aortic regurgitant fraction was elevated in aortic valve disease patients as compared with controls and mitral valve disease patients (  < 0.05). Similarly, mitral regurgitant fraction was higher in mitral valve patients (  < 0.05). Both aortic and mitral total flow were high in aortic patients. Static and dynamic were good (r > 0.6,  < 0.005) for aortic total flow and peak velocity, and mitral peak velocity and regurgitant fraction. All measurements showed good inter- and intra-observer, and scan-rescan reproducibility. We demonstrated that aortic and mitral hemodynamics can efficiently be quantified from 4 D flow MRI using assisted valve detection with machine learning. We demonstrated that aortic and mitral hemodynamics can efficiently be quantified from 4 D flow MRI using assisted valve detection with machine learning.