https://www.selleckchem.com/products/YM155.html Timing of neurosurgical procedures is controversial. Challenges identified with night-time surgeries include physician fatigue and sleep deprivation, and fewer staff and resources compared with daytime surgery. These might contribute to medical errors and complications, and, hence, worse patient outcomes. This single center retrospective study of 304 patients who underwent emergent neurosurgical procedures between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 included 2 groups based on the timing of surgery daytime (700 AM to 659 PM) and night-time (700 PM to 659 AM) surgery groups. Patient demographics, diagnosis, surgical characteristics, complications, and neurological outcome were obtained from the medical records. There was no difference in patient demographics, intraoperative complications, and length of surgery between the 2 groups. Although there was no statistically significant difference in neurological outcome between the 2 groups at hospital discharge and 1 month postdischarge, there was a higher prs. This study found no difference in the rate of unfavorable neurological outcome in patients undergoing emergent neurosurgical procedures during the daytime and night-time. However, our findings cannot exclude the possibility of an association between timing of surgery and outcome given its limitations, including small sample size and omission of potentially confounding variables. Further well-designed prospective trials are warranted to confirm our findings.Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have become standard of care for multiple types of malignancies and while end-stage renal disease is not a contraindication, these patients are frequently excluded from clinical trials. As a result, there is limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of CPI use in this patient population. In this case series, we report outcomes and adverse events in 8 patients on hemodialysis treated with CPIs. Treatment was overall well-tolerated wi