Australia is at the forefront of developing screening practices, interventions and national public health policy for perinatal women with depression and anxiety. For the last two decades Australian mental health experts and public health administrators have conducted population-wide feasibility studies on screening and incorporated these in national guidelines. This chapter outlines the wider evidence base supporting current Australian practice. Key recommendations include use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 early in pregnancy and at 6-12 weeks postpartum, followed by psychosocial assessment. Positive depression screens need to be followed by diagnostic assessment, and clear treatment pathways must be available. Milgrom and colleagues' cognitive behavioural treatment is the only Australian program with a solid evidence base demonstrating its effectiveness for depression and associated anxiety. The face-to-face treatment has been further developed into an online program, MumMoodBooster, funded by the Federal government and available to Australian women. The spread of carbapenems resistance is a public health concern. The main group of carbapenemases encoding the β-lactamases activity (bla genes) is the Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The presence of carbapenemase blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-40-like, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-58-like, and blaNDM-1 genes was screened by real time PCR in 26 Pediculus humanus insects identified from second-hand clothes in a local market in Central Italy. Bacteria diversity was also characterized through shotgun metagenomic amplification for a deep sequencing of the host-associated bacterial microbiomes. The blaOXA-23 and blaNDM-1 carbapenemases genes were found and metagenomic analysis showed a great presence of Acinetobacter species. These results suggest a new potential transmission path for carbapenemase gene spread through bacteria ingested by insects infesting humans. These results suggest a new potential transmission path for carbapenemase gene spread through bacteria ingested by insects infesting humans. The rubella test during pregnancy makes it possible to identify situations at risk of congenital rubella and those pregnant mothers who should be offered the MMR vaccine. The Authors analysed test coverage and the immunity status of pregnant mothers between 2005 and 2017, using birth attendance certificates. Rubella test coverage on 61,437 pregnant mothers was 99.4%. The average proportion of susceptible subjects was 6.4%. Seroconversion was observed in 7 cases, with 1 confirmed case of congenital rubella. 32% of susceptible subjects were vaccinated, and adherence was seen to be influenced by the characteristics of the pregnant women and of the maternity unit. A current information flow including a number of healthcare services, is useful both for monitoring the maternity care pathway and for public health purposes. A current information flow including a number of healthcare services, is useful both for monitoring the maternity care pathway and for public health purposes.The ongoing pandemic is highlighting the strategic role of clinical trials as an essential step of biomedical research, with a potential life-saving impact on public health. Several studies have focused on the assessment of clinical trials' economic impact. Robust methods allow a reliable assessment of the impact of trials on population health in terms of new drugs development. This study shows the results of a survey administered to the research community of the IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù. The goal of the survey was to assess how researchers' participation in clinical trials impacts on research capacity development, career improvement, health benefits, knowledge production. The study results suggest that clinical trials promote a significant improvement of research capacity by the development of scientific know-how, the creation of new research networks, the improvement of diagnosis and clinical decision-making skills, the openness to new therapeutic approaches, and the patient recruitment and data management capabilities. These results actually suggest that clinical trials lead to better care also because they contribute to create better physicians, and not only because they provide new drugs or devices. Economic benefits, patient recruitment and researchers' internal reputation have been highlighted as critical issues. During epidemics, health care workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to the risk of secondary trauma. If not effectively addressed, the consequences of such psychological distress can progress to more severe conditions. A systematic search of several databases on the effect of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 epidemics on the mental health of HCWs was performed according to both the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the WHO Rapid Review Guide for Health Policy and Systems Research. The 77 reviewed studies highlighted that work organization and individual characteristics can add to mental health risk. Providing adequate training to prevent infection and prepare HCWs to handle the epidemic, strengthening team work to improve organization, and ensuring appropriate protective equipment is available can help prevent risk of psychiatric illness. Monitoring and addressing through tailored interventions the mental health consequences of pandemics in HCWs is necessary. Monitoring and addressing through tailored interventions the mental health consequences of pandemics in HCWs is necessary. Digital health (DH) is nowadays fundamental for physicians. Despite the improvement of information and communications technology (ICT), Italian medical doctors' (MDs) education system seems inadequate in this area. Moreover, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, societies are waking up to their limitations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Italian status quo in DH. The Italian Young Medical Doctors Association (Segretariato Italiano Giovani Medici - SIGM) proposed a web-based survey to assess DH awareness and previous knowledge among young doctors. https://www.selleckchem.com/ Investigated areas were big data, -omics technology and predictive models, artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things, telemedicine, social media, blockchain and clinical-data storage. A total of 362 participants answered to the survey. Only 13% had experience in big data during clinical or research activities, 13% in -omics technology and predictive models, 13% in AI, 6% had experience in internet of things, 22% experienced at least one telemedicine tool and 23% of the participants declared that during their clinical activities data collection was paper-driven.