https://www.selleckchem.com/btk.html Pulmonary hypertension remains a common but complex disorder that physicians face in their daily practice. Pulmonary hypertension has been classified by the World Health Organization into five major categories according to etiology, pathophysiology, and hemodynamic properties. The clinical course and overall prognosis varies by etiology, therefore making the correct diagnosis is paramount to avoid delay in treatment and improve outcomes. This review aims to provide clinicians with a simplified diagnostic approach to pulmonary hypertension. We also provide a guide to risk stratification and when to refer patient to a pulmonary hypertension expert center.Sarcoidosis is an infiltrative disease known to affect multiple layers of the heart.1 Although rare, aortic valve involvement has been seen.17,18 The role of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been described in amyloidosis,4 a well-known infiltrative disease, but not in sarcoidosis. As the awareness of cardiac sarcoidosis grows,17 as in amyloidosis, its impact on the aortic valve will grow too. Our review highlights the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis with a discussion for TAVR in patients affected by aortic valve insult.Inflammation is a major contributing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been a popular topic of discussion as it provides a potential therapeutic target to reduce disease progression. Multiple inflammatory markers have been linked with progressive atherosclerosis which includes interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein amongst others, this article aims to review current literature to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapies in cardiovascular disease.Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly recognized to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the prevalence and clinical predictors of OSA in patients undergoing coronary a