The glutamatergic modulator ketamine has created a blueprint for studying novel pharmaceuticals in the field. Recent studies suggest that "classic" serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) may also have antidepressant efficacy. Both ketamine and SPs appear to produce rapid, sustained antidepressant effects after a transient psychoactive period.
 
  This review summarizes areas of overlap between SP and ketamine research and considers the possibility of a common, downstream mechanism of action. The therapeutic relevance of the psychoactive state, overlapping cellular and molecular effects, and overlapping electrophysiological and neuroimaging observations are all reviewed.
 
  Taken together, the evidence suggests a potentially shared mechanism wherein both ketamine and SPs may engender rapid neuroplastic effects in a glutamatergic activity-dependent manner. It is postulated that, though distinct, both ketamine and SPs appear to produce acute alterations in cortical network activity that may initially produce psychoactivture of ketamine research and recent progress in this area, this platform could be used to investigate entirely new classes of antidepressants with rapid and robust actions.
  Gastrointestinal digestion of A1-type β-casein is conducive to β-casomorphin-7 with potential adverse digestive health effects. Monitoring of A1-type β-casein concentration in milk and milk-derived ingredients used in the formulation of A2-type nutritional products with associated health claims is important from a quality standpoint.
 
  New analytical methods were developed and validated for total and A1-type β-casein in milk and milk-derived ingredients. Data on total and A1-type β-casein concentrations in milk, nonfat dry milk, and whey protein concentrate was generated.
 
  The methods are based on a bottom-up proteomic approach using tryptic marker peptides and stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. The measurement includes all protein sequences (intact, modified, partial) which are potential sources of β-casomorphin-7.
 
  Total β-casein was quantified using a neat calibration curve. Recovery and between-day precision RSD were 98% and 5.8%, respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gf109203x.html  A1-type β-casein was quantified by the method of standard additions. Between-day precision RSD was 7.2% and limit of quantitation was 0.01% in nonfat dry milk. The mass fraction of A1-type β-casein in β-casein standard was 0.444. Samples manufactured from A2-type milk contained 0.26-5.0% A1-type β-casein relative to total β-casein.
 
  The methods described enable the monitoring of the A1-type β-casein concentration in milk and milk-derived ingredients destined for the manufacture of A2-type products with associated health claims.
 
  New methods are presented for the analysis of total and A1-type β-casein in milk and milk-derived ingredients. Mass fraction of A1-type β-casein in commercial β-casein standard was determined to enable its use as calibrant.
 New methods are presented for the analysis of total and A1-type β-casein in milk and milk-derived ingredients. Mass fraction of A1-type β-casein in commercial β-casein standard was determined to enable its use as calibrant.
  Receipt of hepatitis B virus vaccine is important to prevent infection. However, adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine series among adults at risk of infection has been low.
 
  To assess whether recipients of a 2-dose hepatitis B vaccine with cytosine phosphoguanine adjuvant (HepB-CpG vaccine; Heplisav-B) are more likely to complete their series compared with recipients of a 3-dose vaccine with alum adjuvant (comparator vaccine; Engerix-B [HepB-alum]).
 
  This nested cohort study was conducted from August 7 to December 31, 2018, at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, an integrated health care system with a diverse population of approximately 4.6 million members. Adults not receiving dialysis who received a first dose of a hepatitis B vaccine series in family practice or internal medicine departments of 15 Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical centers were followed up through electronic health records for up to 1 year after receipt of the first dose. Data were analyzed from March 16 to September 23, ly to complete the series (adjusted relative risk, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.68-1.87). Results were consistent across clinical and demographic strata.
 
  In this study, use of the HepB-CpG vaccine was associated with hepatitis B vaccine series completion, but tailored strategies to increase completion of hepatitis B vaccine series are warranted.
 In this study, use of the HepB-CpG vaccine was associated with hepatitis B vaccine series completion, but tailored strategies to increase completion of hepatitis B vaccine series are warranted.
  Personalized radiotherapy planning depends on high-quality delineation of target tumors and surrounding organs at risk (OARs). This process puts additional time burdens on oncologists and introduces variability among both experts and institutions.
 
  To explore clinically acceptable autocontouring solutions that can be integrated into existing workflows and used in different domains of radiotherapy.
 
  This quality improvement study used a multicenter imaging data set comprising 519 pelvic and 242 head and neck computed tomography (CT) scans from 8 distinct clinical sites and patients diagnosed either with prostate or head and neck cancer. The scans were acquired as part of treatment dose planning from patients who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy between October 2013 and February 2020. Fifteen different OARs were manually annotated by expert readers and radiation oncologists. The models were trained on a subset of the data set to automatically delineate OARs and evaluated on both internal and e availability of open-source libraries and reliable performance, this creates significant opportunities for the transformation of radiation treatment planning.
  Excess body weight and insulin resistance lead to type 2 diabetes and other major health problems. There is an urgent need for dietary interventions to address these conditions.
 
  To measure the effects of a low-fat vegan diet on body weight, insulin resistance, postprandial metabolism, and intramyocellular and hepatocellular lipid levels in overweight adults.
 
  This 16-week randomized clinical trial was conducted between January 2017 and February 2019 in Washington, DC. Of 3115 people who responded to flyers in medical offices and newspaper and radio advertisements, 244 met the participation criteria (age 25 to 75 years; body mass index of 28 to 40) after having been screened by telephone.
 
  Participants were randomized in a 11 ratio. The intervention group (n = 122) was asked to follow a low-fat vegan diet and the control group (n = 122) to make no diet changes for 16 weeks.
 
  At weeks 0 and 16, body weight was assessed using a calibrated scale. Body composition and visceral fat were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry.