https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ms-275.html However, treatment with the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, IRE1 inhibitor STF-083010 but not ATF6 inhibitor AEBSF reversed PEDV-induced autophagy. Taken together, the results of this study showed that accumulated ROS played an essential role in regulating ER stress-mediated autophagy during PEDV infection. We also found that PERK and IER1 pathways of UPR signalling were involved in PEDV-induced autophagy. Furthermore, PEDV induced autophagy to promote viral replication via PERK and IER1 pathways in Vero cells. These results provide the mechanism of PEDV-induced ROS-dependent ER stress-mediated autophagy in Vero cells through activating PERK and IRE1 pathways. COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way to manage MS and NMOSD, not only concerning treatment, but also regarding social distance and the increasing use of telemedicine (TM) to minimize the risk of infection. Currently, there is no data regarding TM among MS and NMOSD South American experts. To investigate TM experiences from South American MS and/or NMOSD experts in the follow-up of their patients focusing on TM. A cross-sectional study was performed. 141 MS and/or NMOSD experts from Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Brazil were invited to answer an web-based survey. A total of 129 (91.48 %) experts completed the survey. Only 19.4% had experience in TM previous COVID-19 pandemic, while 79.8% are currently using TM, most using video call (52.3%). Using TM, 44.1% of the experts were able to perform neurological examination, 85.6% believed to be able to identify a relapse, 48.6% use Patient Determined Disease Steps and 38.7% kept using the conventional Expanded Disability Status Scale. Our survey demonstrates preparedness and responsiveness among South American MS and/or NMOSD experts. Despite scarce prior TM experience, most experts felt confident to use TM as a new tool for monitoring their patients. Our survey demonstrates preparedness and responsiveness among South Amer