DISCUSSION Standardized patient pathways involving alcohol screening and management practices are required, and sharing best practices will facilitate referrals and support regardless of location. The implementation of these recommendations requires appropriate leadership, commissioning and training strategies. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND To clarify the genetic background of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Japanese population, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a population-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. METHODS We performed a GWAS and replication study including 1676 UC patients and 2381 healthy controls. The probability of colectomy was compared between genotypes of rs117506082, the top hit SNP at HLA loci, by the Kaplan-Meier method. We studied serum expression of miR-622, a newly identified candidate gene, from 32 UC patients and 8 healthy controls by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the GWAS, only the HLA loci showed genome-wide significant associations with UC (rs117506082, P = 6.69E-28). Seven nominally significant regions included 2 known loci, IL23R (rs76418789, P = 6.29E-7) and IRF8 (rs16940202, P = 1.03E-6), and 5 novel loci MIR622 (rs9560575, P = 8.23E-7), 14q31 (rs117618617, P = 1.53E-6), KAT6B (rs12260609, P = 1.81E-6), PAX3-CCDC140-SGPP2 (rs7589797, P = 2.87E-6), and KCNA2 (rs118020656, P = 4.01E-6). Combined analysis revealed that IL23R p.G149R (rs76418789, P = 9.03E-11; odds ratio [OR], 0.51) had genome-wide significant association with UC. Patients with GG genotype of rs117506082 had a significantly lower probability of total colectomy than those with the GA+AA genotype (P = 1.72E-2). Serum expression of miR-622 in patients with inactive UC tended to be higher than in healthy controls and patients with active UC (inactive UC vs healthy controls, P = 3.03E-02; inactive UC vs active UC, P = 6.44E-02). CONCLUSIONS IL23R p.G149R is a susceptibility locus for UC in Japanese individuals. The GG genotype of rs117506082 at HLA loci may predict a better clinical course. © 2020 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES As we age, the functional field of view (FFOV) declines and these declines predict falls and motor vehicle accidents in older adults (Owsley, 2013). To increase understanding of possible causes of this decline, the current study explored whether the functional field of view in older adults is associated with the sensitivity of the magnocellular and parvocellular sub-cortical pathways. METHODS Forty four younger (M = 27.18, SD = 5.40 years) and 44 older (M = 72.18, SD = 5.82 years) adults completed a FFOV test and the steady and pulsed pedestal paradigms of Pokorny and Smith (1997) as measures of magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, respectively. RESULTS Older adults made more FFOV errors and had higher contrast discrimination thresholds in both the steady and pulsed pedestal paradigms, than younger adults. FFOV errors in the younger group were not related to contrast discrimination thresholds. In multiple regression, older group FFOV errors showed a strong unique association with contrast discrimination thresholds mediated via the magnocellular, but not the parvocellular pathway. DISCUSSION We infer that reduced magnocellular pathway contrast sensitivity may contribute to reduced functional vision in older adults. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria co-infections. However, the role of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also endemic in Africa, has not been evaluated as a co-factor in eBL pathogenesis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/simnotrelvir.html  METHODS Multiplexed seroprofiles for EBV, malaria and KSHV were generated for 266 eBL patients, 78 non-eBL cancers and 202 healthy children; and KSHV and EBV loads were quantified by digital-droplet PCR. RESULTS KSHV seroprevalence did not differ by study group yet was associated with age. Seropositivity, defined by K8.1/LANA or in combination with 5 other KSHV antigens (ORF59, ORF65, ORF61, ORF38, and K5) was associated with anti-malarial antibody levels to AMA-1 (OR=2.41, p less then 0.001 and OR=2.07, p less then 0.001) and MSP-1 (OR=2.41, p=0.0006 and OR=5.78, p less then 0.001), respectively. KSHV loads did not correlate with antibody levels nor differ across groups, but were significantly lower in children with detectable EBV viremia (p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS Even though KSHV-EBV dual infection does not increase eBL risk, EBV appears to suppress reactivation of KSHV while malaria exposure is associated with KSHV infection and/or reactivation. Both EBV and malaria should, therefore, be considered as potential effect modifiers for KSHV-associated cancers in sub-Saharan Africa. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Flesh lignification is a specific chilling response which causes quality deterioration of stored red-fleshed loquat fruit (Eribotrya japonica) and is one aspect of wider chilling injury. APETALA2/ETHLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are important regulators of plant low temperature responses and lignin biosynthesis. In this study, expression and action of twenty-seven AP2/ERF genes from loquat fruit (red-fleshed 'Luoyangqing') were investigated in order to identify TFs regulating low temperature-induced lignification. EjERF27, EjERF30, EjERF36, and EjERF39 were significantly induced by 0 oC storage but inhibited by low temperature conditioning treatment (LTC, pre-storage at 5 oC for 6 days before storage at 0 oC, which reduces low temperature-induced lignification), and their transcript levels were positively correlated with flesh lignification. Dual luciferase assay indicated that EjERF39 could trans-activate the promoter of the lignin biosynthetic gene Ej4CL1 and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that EjERF39 recognizes the DRE element in the promoter region of Ej4CL1.