https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salinosporamide-a-npi-0052-marizomib.html Diabetes reduces semen quality and increasingly occurs during reproductive years. Diabetes medications, such as metformin, have glucose-independent effects on the male reproductive system. Associations with birth defects in offspring are unknown. To evaluate whether the risk for birth defects in offspring varies with preconceptional pharmacologic treatment of fathers with diabetes. Nationwide prospective registry-based cohort study. Denmark from 1997 to 2016. All liveborn singletons from mothers without histories of diabetes or essential hypertension. Offspring were considered exposed if their father filled 1 or more prescriptions for a diabetes drug during the development of fertilizing sperm. Sex and frequencies of major birth defects were compared across drugs, times of exposure, and siblings. Of 1116779 offspring included, 3.3% had 1 or more major birth defects (reference). Insulin-exposed offspring ( = 5298) had the reference birth defect frequency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.98 [95% CI, Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health. Motivational interviewing (MI) is potentially useful in management of overweight and obesity, but staff training and increased delivery time are barriers, and its effectiveness independent of other behavioral components is unclear. To assess the independent contribution of MI as part of a behavioral weight management program (BWMP) in controlling weight and improving psychological well-being. 6 electronic databases and 2 trial registries, searched from database inception through 24 September 2021. Randomized controlled trials in adults or adolescents aimed at weight loss or maintenance and comparing programs incorporating MI versus interventions without MI. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes included weight, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and other aspects of psychological well