Phenolic compounds are commonly incorporated into muscle foods to inhibit lipid oxidation and modify product flavor. Those that are present in or extracted from plant sources (seeds, leaves, and stems) known as "phytophenols" are of particular importance in the current meat industry due to natural origins, diversity, and safety record. Apart from these primary roles as antioxidants and flavorings, phytophenols are now recognized to be chemically reactive with a variety of food constituents, including proteins. In processed muscle foods, where the structure-forming ability is critical to a product's texture-related quality attributes and palatability, the functional properties of proteins, especially gelation and emulsification, play an essential role. A vast amount of recent studies has been devoted to protein-phenol interactions to investigate the impact on meat product texture and flavor. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the specific roles of phytophenol interaction with "myoproteins" (i.e., muscle-derived proteins) probing the structure-forming process in cooked meat products. The present review provides an insight into the actions of phytophenols in modifying and interacting with muscle proteins with an emphasis on the reaction mechanisms, detection methods, protein functionality, and implications for structural characteristics and textural properties of muscle foods.Electrochemical energy storage and conversion is an effective strategy to relieve the increasing energy and environment crisis. The sluggish reaction kinetics in the related devices is one of the major obstacles for them to realize practical applications. More efforts should be devoted to searching for high-efficiency electrocatalysts and enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. 3D graphene macrostructures (3D GMs) are one kind of porous crystalline materials with 3D structures at both micro- and macro-scale. The unique structure can achieve large accessible surface area, expose many active sites, promote fast mass/electron transport, and provide wide room for further functional modification. All these features make them promising candidates for electrocatalysis. In this review, the authors focus on the latest progress of 3D GMs for electrocatalysis. First, the preparation methods of 3D GMs are introduced followed by the strategies for functional modifications. Then, their electrocatalytic performances are discussed in detail including monofunctional and bifunctional electrocatalysis. The electrocatalytic processes involve oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are presented to offer a guideline for the exploration of excellent 3D GM-based electrocatalysts.Fluorescent nanoparticles are widely utilized in a large range of nanoscale imaging and sensing applications. While ultra-small nanoparticles (size ≤10 nm) are highly desirable, at this size range, their photostability can be compromised due to effects such as intensity fluctuation and spectral diffusion caused by interaction with surface states.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acetylcysteine.html  In this article, a facile, bottom-up technique for the fabrication of sub-10-nm hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles hosting photostable bright emitters via a catalyst-free hydrothermal reaction between boric acid and melamine is demonstrated. A simple stabilization protocol that significantly reduces intensity fluctuation by ≈85% and narrows the emission linewidth by ≈14% by employing a common sol-gel silica coating process is also implemented. This study advances a promising strategy for the scalable, bottom-up synthesis of high-quality quantum emitters in hBN nanoparticles.Approximately 15% of infants worldwide are born with low birthweight ( less then 2500 g). These children are at risk for growth failure. The aim of this umbrella review is to assess the relationship between infant milk type, fortification and growth in low-birthweight infants, with particular focus on low- and lower middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science comparing infant milk options and growth, grading the strength of evidence based on standard umbrella review criteria. Twenty-six systematic reviews qualified for inclusion. They predominantly focused on infants with very low birthweight ( less then 1500 g) in high-income countries. We found the strongest evidence for (1) the addition of energy and protein fortification to human milk (donor or mother's milk) leading to increased weight gain (mean difference [MD] 1.81 g/kg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 2.40), linear growth (MD 0.18 cm/week; 95% CI 0.10, 0.26) and head growth (MD 0.08 cm/week; 95% CI 0.04, 0.12) and (2) formula compared with donor human milk leading to increased weight gain (MD 2.51 g/kg/day; 95% CI 1.93, 3.08), linear growth (MD 1.21 mm/week; 95% CI 0.77, 1.65) and head growth (MD 0.85 mm/week; 95% CI 0.47, 1.23). We also found evidence of improved growth when protein is added to both human milk and formula. Fat supplementation did not seem to affect growth. More research is needed for infants with birthweight 1500-2500 g in low- and lower middle-income countries.
  High dialysate sodium is a significant contributor to intradialytic hypertension (IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of low dialysate sodium on IDH in Indian hemodialysis patients.
 
  Fifty patients on maintenance hemodialysis for atleast 3 months with episodes of IDH were enrolled in this study. The study was performed in two different stages. In the first phase, patients were dialyzed with standard dialysate sodium (140 mEq/L) for eight consecutive sessions and in the second phase, they were dialyzed with low sodium dialysate (136 mEq/L) for eight consecutive sessions. Differences in pre, intradialytic, and post-HD blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain, mean serum sodium, intradialytic adverse events, and number of IDH episodes requiring intervention between the two phases were assessed.
 
  The mean age of the study population was 52 years (36 males,14 females). The mean post-HD systolic and diastolic BP was 163.26 ± 9.58 mmHg and 88.60 ± 5.27 mmHg in the standard dialysate phase and 142.