Using geometric morphometrics, we described corolla morphology in several populations across its distribution range. Variation in corolla shape was decomposed into an allometric and a nonallometric component, and corolla size was estimated. We then looked for the correlation between these aspects of morphology and the pollinator. Our results suggest that adaptation to pollinators with different sizes relied on NAVSh, which resulted from shifts in the allometric slope and from shape changes that occurred early in flower development. We conclude that NAVSh can contribute to adaptation in flowering plants, even at the species-level.NiMo alloys are efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolyzer for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Metals are usually considered to be stable during the cathodic process. However, the actual behaviors of Mo in the NiMo alloys are unexplored. Here, we present the instability of Mo in the Ni4 Mo alloy as a highly efficient HER electrocatalyst in an alkaline medium. Mo in Ni4 Mo is oxidized and dissolved in the form of MoO42- first. The dissolved MoO42- will re-adsorb on the electrode surface and polymerize. Theoretical calculations indicate that the adsorption of the dimer Mo2 O72- can promote the HER activity of metal Ni. The addition of MoO42- to the electrolyte can not only repair the durability of Ni4 Mo alloy, but also facilitate the HER activity of pure metal of Ni, Fe, and Co. Our findings provide insight into the structural transformation mechanism and performance-enhanced origin of cathodic materials under the reaction conditions.Squamates present a unique challenge to the homology and evolution of tooth attachment tissues. Their stereotypically pleurodont teeth are fused in place by a single "bone of attachment", with seemingly dubious homology to the three-part tooth attachment system of mammals and crocodilians. Despite extensive debate over the interpretations of squamate pleurodonty, its phylogenetic significance, and the growing evidence from fossil amniotes for the homology of tooth attachment tissues, few studies have defined pleurodonty on histological grounds. Using a sample of extant squamate teeth that we organize into three broad categories of implantation, we investigate the histological and developmental properties of their dental tissues in multiple planes of section. We use these data to demonstrate the specific soft- and hard-tissue features of squamate teeth that produce their disparate tooth implantation modes. In addition, we describe cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone in pleurodont squamates, dental tissues that were historically thought to be restricted to extant mammals and crocodilians. Moreover, we show how the differences between pleurodonty and thecodonty do not relate to the identity of the tooth attachment tissues, but rather the arrangements of homologous tissues around the teeth.The carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are still largely unknown although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon chains, and fullerenes are likely candidates. A recent analysis of the properties of n-acenes of general formula C4n+2 H2n+4 suggested that these could be potential carriers of some DIBs. Dehydrogenation reactions of n-acenes after absorption of an interstellar UV photon may result in dehydroacenes. Here the reaction energies and barriers for formation of n-cyclacenes from 2,3-didehydroacenes (n-DDA) by intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to dihydro-etheno-cyclacenes (n-DEC) followed by ejection of ethyne by retro-Diels-Alder reactions are analyzed using thermally assisted occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) for n=10-20. It is found that the barriers for each of the steps depend on the ring strain of the underlying n-cyclacene, and that the ring strain of n-DEC is about 75 % of that of the corresponding n-cyclacene. In each case, ethyne extrusion is the step with the highest energy barrier, but these barriers are smaller than CH bond dissociation energies, suggesting that formation of cyclacenes is an energetically conceivable fate of n-acenes after multiple absorption of UV photons.The burden from mental disorder in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has risen steadily over the last three decades. The unmet need for interventions puts pressure on policymakers for urgent action, often leading to the introduction of programmes developed in high-income countries, with very little attention to how well these meet local needs. Till well-designed local research including randomised controlled trials become common practice in low- and middle-income countries, implementation science could provide relatively cheaper and quicker ways of ensuring that these interventions do indeed lead to patient benefit. We present a case study of a teacher-delivered school mental health intervention developed by international experts, and implemented in the EMR under the auspices of the World Health Organization. We used an implementation research framework to adapt the programme to local needs, obtain stakeholder buy-in, and design an online-training programme for rapid dissemination in local schools in Egypt, Iran, Jordan and Pakistan. Within the official roll-out of the programme in one EMR country (Pakistan), we embedded a hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised control trial to evaluate both clinical and implementation outcomes of the adapted intervention. The approach allows for rapid adaptation and evidence building within real-world implementation settings. Capacity in low- and middle-income countries for such research needs to be developed.
  Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and brought extremely huge losses. At present, there is a lack of study to systematically analyze the features of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) in COVID-19 patients.
 
  Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, α-HBDH results and outcomes of all included patients were extracted.
 
  α-HBDH in COVID-19 group was higher than that in excluded group (p<0.001), and there was no significant difference in α-HBDH before and after the exclusion of 5 patients with comorbidity in heart or kidney (p=0.671). In COVID-19 group, the α-HBDH value in ≥61years old group, severe group, and critical group, death group all increased at first and then decreased, while no obvious changes were observed in other groups. And there were significant differences of the α-HBDH value among different age groups (p<0.001), clinical type groups (p<0.001), and outcome groups (p<0.001).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-869.html  The optimal scale regression model showed that α-HBDH value (p<0.