Medical education in this era has been disturbed by coronavirus disease. Our faculty has quickly adapted the curricula to online formats. The online format seems to be more advantageous in terms of content material and virtual activities, but the results of these adjustments will require subsequent evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate medical student expectations of online orthopedics learning that was created based on social constructivism theory.
 
  A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the fifth-year medical student expectations of our newly developed online orthopedics course during the outbreak. Constructivist Online Learning Environment Survey (COLLES) was applied for evaluating the expectations during orthopedic rotation. The survey contains six aspects based on social constructivist principles relevance, reflection, interactivity, tutor support, peer support, and interpretation. All students responded to the preferred COLLES before starting the online course, and the actual education. The online orthopedic learning course in our department has been developed to deal with the current situation. Using the various activities based on social constructivism theory in the online platform was able to fulfill medical student expectations.
  This study aims to estimate the prevalence of drug addiction among high-school students and its association with violence and school behavior. The present study provides baseline data focusing specifically on the extent of drug addiction and violence.
 
  A cross-sectional study design was used. The questionnaire covered students' demographic profiles, including age, gender, and academic branch, and statements related to violent behaviors and school-related factors. A urine sample was collected from each participant to test for drugs and was analyzed by Multi-Drug Rapid Test Cup.
 
  Out of 440 students, a total of 414 were included in this study. Positive drug use via urine sample was confirmed in 70 students (16.9%), with 80% being males. Violent behaviors were common, including used to write on the walls (118, 28.5%), had problems with teachers (107, 25.9%) or peers (267, 64.5%), or using abusive language with school staff (63, 15.2%). There were no significant associations between drug addiction and these violent behaviors (
  >0.05). Students who had no respect for the teachers were significantly more in the addicted group (31.4%) than the non-addicted group (14%) (
  =0.004).
 
  High school should be identified as a critical period at risk for drug use and violent actions. This study points to the importance of early detection of drug addiction among vulnerable young people, enabling the development of educational programs to prevent abuse and dependence on substances.
 High school should be identified as a critical period at risk for drug use and violent actions. This study points to the importance of early detection of drug addiction among vulnerable young people, enabling the development of educational programs to prevent abuse and dependence on substances.
  Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare protein-losing gastroenteropathy of unknown etiology, characterized by impaired lymphatic vessels drainage. The pathological changes in PIL result in usually localized or diffuse dilatation of intestinal lacteals, leading to leakage of lymphatic fluid rich of proteins, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins into the intestinal lumen. PIL may be asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in moderate forms of the disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/peg300.html  In some patients, though, the outcome may be poor or even life-threatening. This case report demonstrates the severity of protein malnutrition, in some cases, and the extent of GI tract affected, requiring to start PN early and the need for its continuation as home parenteral nutrition (HPN).
 
  We present a case of 39-year-old male with Factor V Leiden deficiency, who presented initially with symptoms of malnutrition and anasarca. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological findings pathognomonic for PIL from biopsies of the stomach, small intestine and colon.
 
  The patient was started on low fat, high protein parenteral nutrition from the beginning of the treatment and required a long-term HPN for 3 years, because trials of tapering off and discontinuation of PN led to worsening of the biochemical results and recurrence of symptoms. Patient gradually improved and stabilized with persistent nutritional support.
 
  The presented case report shows the magnitude of nutritional support (HPN) needed for severe PIL patients. HPN offers PIL patients with poor outcome and life-threatening complications a chance to improve and lead a normal life.
 The presented case report shows the magnitude of nutritional support (HPN) needed for severe PIL patients. HPN offers PIL patients with poor outcome and life-threatening complications a chance to improve and lead a normal life.The use of stem cells is a breakthrough in medical biotechnology which brings regenerative therapy into a new era. Over the past several decades, stem cells had been widely used as regenerative therapy and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) had emerged as a promising therapeutic option. Currently stem cells are effective therapeutic agents againts several diseases due to their tissue protective and repair mechanisms. This therapeutic effect is largely due to the biomolecular properties including secretomes. Injury to peripheral nerves has significant health and economic consequences, and no surgical procedure can completely restore sensory and motor function. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury is an important future intervention to achieve the best clinical outcome improvement. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells which are similar to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The following review aims to provide an overview of the use of AdMSCs and their secretomes in regenerating peripheral nerves.
  Multiple etiologies for snapping shoulder syndrome have been described in the existing literature. Scapular osteochondroma is considered as a rare etiology and bilateral scapular osteochondroma have rarely been reported to date. Patient can present with discomfort, pain and crepitation. Multiple surgical methods were described and the patient underwent two different surgical methods with preferable outcome for arthroscopic side.
 
  24 year-old male who is known case of Multiple Hereditary Exostosis (MHE) since childhood presented with bilateral shoulder pain and snapping scapula. Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral ventral scapular osteochondromas. One side treated with open excision and other side with arthroscopic excision.
 
  Patient exhibited resolution of symptoms, restoration of function on both sides, but he reported cosmetic preference over arthroscopic side and faster recovery from surgery as well in terms of pain resolution and rehabilitation.
 
  Osteochondroma should by one of differential diagnoses for snapping shoulder syndrome.