This article discusses the benefits of TVA-based assessments compared with frequently used neuropsychological tests of visual attention, and examines the reliability of a tablet-based TVA-based assessment in 59 neurologically healthy participants.
 
  Pearson's correlations indicate that the tablet-based TVA assessment and the conventional lab-based TVA assessment have a comparable parallel-form (range .67-.93), test-retest (range .61-.78), and internal reliability (range .56-.97).
 
  Our results suggest that tablet-based TVA assessment may be a promising tool to acquire clinical measures of visual attention at low cost at the bedside of the patient.
 Our results suggest that tablet-based TVA assessment may be a promising tool to acquire clinical measures of visual attention at low cost at the bedside of the patient.
  Empirical antibiotic use is common in the hospital. Here, we characterize patterns of antibiotic use, infectious diagnoses, and microbiological laboratory results among hospitalized patients and aim to quantify the proportion of antibiotic use that is potentially attributable to specific bacterial pathogens.
 
  We conducted an observational study using electronic health records from acute care facilities in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. From October 2017 to September 2018, 482 381 hospitalizations for 332 657 unique patients that met all criteria were included. At least 1 antibiotic was administered at 202 037 (41.9%) of included hospital stays. We measured frequency of antibiotic use, microbiological specimen collection, and bacterial isolation by diagnosis category and antibiotic group.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tabersonine.html  A tiered system based on specimen collection sites and diagnoses was used to attribute antibiotic use to presumptive causative organisms.
 
  Specimens were collected at 130 012 (64.4%) hospitalizations with any antibiotic use, and at least 1 bacterial organism was isolated at 35.1% of these stays. Frequency of bacterial isolation varied widely by diagnosis category and antibiotic group. Under increasingly lenient criteria, 10.2%-31.4% of 974 733 antibiotic days of therapy could be linked to a potential bacterial pathogen.
 
  Overall, the vast majority of antibiotic use could be linked to either an infectious diagnosis or microbiological specimen. Nearly one-half of antibiotic use occurred when there was a specimen collected but no bacterial organism identified, underscoring the need for rapid and improved diagnostics to optimize antibiotic use.
 Overall, the vast majority of antibiotic use could be linked to either an infectious diagnosis or microbiological specimen. Nearly one-half of antibiotic use occurred when there was a specimen collected but no bacterial organism identified, underscoring the need for rapid and improved diagnostics to optimize antibiotic use.
  Excess glucocorticoids impact fetal health. Maternal glucocorticoids peak in early morning. Fetoplacental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) inactivates cortisol to cortisone, protecting the fetus from high glucocorticoids. However, time-specific alterations of human fetoplacental 11β-HSD2 have not been studied.
 
  We hypothesized that fetoplacental 11β-HSD2 activity shows time-specific alteration and acute affective or anxiety disorders impact fetoplacental 11β-HSD2 activity.
 
  In this observational study we investigated 78 pregnant European women undergoing amniocentesis (15.9 ± 0.9 weeks of gestation). Amniotic fluid was collected (800 to 1630 hours) for analysis of fetoplacental 11β-HSD2 activity, using cortisol (F)cortisone (E) ratio in amniotic fluid, E/(E + F). Fetoplacental 11β-HSD2 rhythm and association with "acute affective or anxiety disorder" (patients with at least one of a major depressive episode, specific phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety and of fetal protection from the morning maternal glucocorticoid surge.
  Niraparib is the only poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitor available as oral monotherapy for maintenance, regardless of BRCA mutational status.
 
  This phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalation study was conducted in Japan using a 3+3 design. Adults (≥20years) with metastatic or locally advanced solid tumours were enrolled. Niraparib 200mg (cohort 1) or 300mg (cohort 2) was administered once daily in 21-daycycles (no drug holiday between cycles) until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of niraparib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. The number of patients with dose-limiting toxicities in cycle 1 and number with treatment-emergent adverse events were primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics and tumour response.
 
  There were three patients in cohort 1 and six patients in cohort 2. Only one patient, in cohort 2, developed a dose-limiting toxicity (grade 4 platelet count decreased). All patients in both cohorts developed treatment-emergent adverse events. The most common treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events were decreased appetite (n=2) in cohort 1, and platelet count decreased as well as aspartate aminotransferase increased (both n=5) in cohort 2. Mean Cmax and AUC0-24 of niraparib increased dose-proportionally after multiple doses (accumulation ratio of between 1.64 and 3.65); median tmax was 3-4h. Two patients, both in cohort 2, had a partial response to treatment.
 
  Niraparib (200 or 300mg/day) was tolerable and had a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours.
 Niraparib (200 or 300 mg/day) was tolerable and had a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours.
  Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease with a high prevalence in younger, atopic males. In our clinical practice, we observed a striking preponderance of patients having a high educational background. The purposes of this study were first to assess the level of education of eosinophilic esophagitis patients and second to compare the findings to patients with inflammatory bowel disease, another chronic immune-mediated condition of the gastrointestinal tract, and with the Swiss general population.
 
  Using a questionnaire, we assessed the educational level of adult patients who have attended Swiss Eosinophilic Esophagitis Clinics in the past. In addition, the educational level of the parents was assessed as well. We calculated the proportions of patients and parents who have obtained a higher educational level. Data from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study and from the Swiss general population served as confirmation and as comparison, respectively.
 
  A total of 277 successfully contacted patients (response rate 69.