https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hrs-4642.html In drug development, a crucial step is the transition of a company from preclinical stages to human trials the so-called 'Valley-of-Death' (VoD) that most efforts do not survive. Here, we analyzed how the valuations of biotech companies in the life science sector change as they cross this valley. Their average valuation increased significantly (87%) when crossing the VoD no later than their fourth funding round. However, companies that received more than four funding rounds saw significantly lower average valuations. Similarly, the volume of website traffic for companies that received no more than four preclinical funding rounds was significantly higher than companies receiving more than four preclinical funding rounds, whereas the number of patents was unrelated to the likelihood of a company of crossing the VoD.The management of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) with chronic opioid therapy (COT) is controversial. There is a lack of consensus on how COT is defined resulting in unclear clinical guidance. This scoping review identifies and evaluates evolving COT definitions throughout the published clinical and scientific literature. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A total of 227 studies were identified from 8,866 studies published between January 2000 and July 2019. COT definitions were classified by pain population of application and specific dosage/duration definition parameters, with results reported according to PRISMA-ScR. Approximately half of studies defined COT as "days' supply duration >90 days" and 9.3% defined as ">120 days' supply," with other days' supply cut-off points (>30, >60, or >70) each appearing in 90 days' supply." The most recent literature trends toward shorter duration criteria, suggesting that contemporary COT definitions are increasingly conservative. PERSPECTIVE This study summarized the most common, current definition criteria for chronic opioid therapy (COT)