https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ebselen.html This is expected of all surgeons; and (2) A career academic surgeon with a formal commitment to research which becomes a major component of their work, with the requisite expertise in scientific method to be able to design, set up and complete research studies. The RACS provides support for academia in surgery to flourish in multiple ways and at various stages in the surgeons' career, as described in this chapter. Increasingly, the academic surgeon has to forge links and to collaborate with other research groups. At least in Australia and New Zealand, departments should work to ensure that their academic surgeons are not excessively burdened with departmental leadership and governance roles that do not require specific academic expertise. Arguably, future academic paediatric surgeons will expect to have a better balance in their lives than some of their predecessors!Surgery, and training in surgery, is complex as it requires to master and to transmit both technical and non-technical skills. This is particularly true when the patient is a child with its family. Academies are called to ensure that the skills needed to guarantee the optimal care to the ill child, and to its parents, are conveyed to the new generations. In this paper, after shortly reviewing the history of academic pediatric surgery and the structure of pediatric surgery training in Italy, we will give a personal view on some of the most important non-technical challenges a young pediatric surgeon will face during his/her career, that make this discipline one of the hardest and the most rewarding at the same time. Novel preventive therapies are needed for postoperative delirium, which especially affects older patients. A mouse model is presented that captures inflammation-associated cortical slow wave activity (SWA) observed in patients, allowing exploration of the mechanistic role of prostaglandin-adenosine signalling. EEG and cortical cytokine measurem