Tumor-to-aortic enhancement fraction (TAF) was expressed as the ratio of the difference between attenuation of the tumor on arterial and parenchymal images to that between attenuation of the aorta on arterial and pancreatic images. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis were used. Forty-two PDAs (23 men and 19 women) were divided into three groups Well-differentiated ( 13), moderately differentiated ( 21), and poorly differentiated ( 8). TAF differed significantly between the three groups ( = 0.034) but TAR ( = 0.164) and TAR ( = 0.339) did not. The median value of TAF for poorly differentiated PDAs (0.1011; 95%CI 0.01100-0.1796) was significantly higher than that for well-differentiated PDAs (0.1941; 95%CI 0.1463-0.3194). Calculation of TAF might be useful in predicting the pathologic grade of PDA. Calculation of TAF might be useful in predicting the pathologic grade of PDA. Despite effective prevention and screening methods, the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) are still high. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a signaling molecule involved in cell proliferation, survival and metabolic responses has been implicated in carcinogenic processes in various cellular and animal models. However, the role of IRS-1 in CRC biology and its value as a clinical CRC biomarker has not been well defined. To evaluate if and how IRS-1 expression and its associations with the apoptotic and proliferation tumor markers, Bax, Bcl-xL and Ki-67 are related to clinicopathological features in human CRC. The expression of IRS-1, Bax, Bcl-xL and Ki-67 proteins was assessed in tissue samples obtained from 127 patients with primary CRC using immunohistochemical methods. The assays were performed using specific antibodies against IRS-1, Bax, Bcl-xL, Ki-67. The associations between the expression of IRS-1, Bax, Bcl-xL, Ki-67 were analyzed in relation to clinicopathoudied proteins were related to clinicopathological parameters of CRC. No significant correlation between the expression of IRS-1 and proliferation marker Ki-67, excluding early stage tumors, where the correlation was positive and on a high level ( = 0.043, = 0.723). This study suggests that IRS-1 is co-expressed with both pro- and antiapoptotic markers and all these proteins are more prevalent in more differentiated CRC than in poorly differentiated CRC. This study suggests that IRS-1 is co-expressed with both pro- and antiapoptotic markers and all these proteins are more prevalent in more differentiated CRC than in poorly differentiated CRC. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a unique form of IBD (PSC-IBD) with distinct clinical and histologic features from ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). In patients with PSC and IBD, the severity of the two disease processes may depend on each other. To study the histologic and clinical features of PSC patients with and without IBD. We assessed specimens from patients with UC ( = 28), CD ( = 10), PSC and UC (PSC-UC; = 26); PSC and CD (PSC-CD; = 6); and PSC and no IBD (PSC-no IBD; = 4) between years 1999-2013. PSC-IBD patients were matched to IBD patients without PSC by age and colitis duration. Clinical data including age, gender, age at IBD and PSC diagnoses, IBD duration, treatment, follow-up, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were noted. PSC-UC patients had more isolated right-sided disease ( = 0.03), and less active inflammation in left colon, rectum ( = 0.03 and = 0.0006), and overall ( = 0.0005) compared to UC. They required less steroids ( = 0.01) and fewer colectomies ( = 0.03) than UC patients. The PSC-CD patients had more ileitis and less rectal involvement compared to PSC-UC and CD. No PSC-CD patients required OLT compared to 38% of PSC-UC ( = 0.1). PSC-IBD (PSC-UC and PSC-CD) patients with OLT had severe disease in the left colon and rectum ( = 0.04). PSC-UC represents a distinct form of IBD. The different disease phenotype in PSC-IBD patients with OLT may support liver-gut axis interaction, however warrants clinical attention and further research. PSC-UC represents a distinct form of IBD. The different disease phenotype in PSC-IBD patients with OLT may support liver-gut axis interaction, however warrants clinical attention and further research. The results obtained to date concerning food groups, diet quality and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk vary according to criteria used and the study populations. To study the relationships between food groups, diet quality and CRC risk, in an adult population of the Basque Country (North of Spain). This observational study included 308 patients diagnosed with CRC and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. During recruitment, dietary, anthropometric, lifestyle, socioeconomic, demographic and health status information was collected. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amg-232.html Adherence to the dietary recommendations was evaluated utilizing the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Diet and the MedDietScore. Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations of food group intakes, diet quality scores, categorized in tertiles, with CRC risk. The adjusted models for potential confounding factors showed a direct association between milk and dairy products consumption, in particular high-fat cheeses [odds ratio (OR) third tertile first tertile = 1.87, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.11-3.16], and CRC risk. While the consumption of fiber-containing foods, especially whole grains (OR third tertile first tertile = 0.62, 95%CI 0.39-0.98), and fatty fish (OR third tertile first tertile = 0.53, 95%CI 0.27-0.99) was associated with a lower risk for CRC. Moreover, higher MD adherence was associated with a reduced CRC risk in adjusted models (OR third tertile first tertile = 0.40, 95%CI 0.20-0.80). Direct associations were found for high-fat cheese, whereas an inverse relation was reported for fiber-containing foods and fatty fish, as well as adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Direct associations were found for high-fat cheese, whereas an inverse relation was reported for fiber-containing foods and fatty fish, as well as adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern.