Multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are adult stem cells that form functional osteoblasts and play a critical role in bone remodeling. During aging, an increase in bone loss and reduction in structural integrity lead to osteoporosis and result in an increased risk of fracture. We examined age-dependent histological changes in murine vertebrae and uncovered that bone loss begins as early as the age of 1 mo.
 
  To identify the functional alterations and transcriptomic dynamics of BMSCs during early bone loss.
 
  We collected BMSCs from mice at early to middle ages and compared their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Subsequently, we obtained the transcriptomic profiles of BMSCs at 1 mo, 3 mo, and 7 mo.
 
  The colony-forming and osteogenic commitment capacity showed a comparable finding that decreased at the age of 1 mo. The transcriptomic analysis showed the enrichment of osteoblastic regulation genes at 1 mo and loss of osteogenic features at 3 mo. The BMSCs at 7 mo showed enrichment of adipogenic and DNA repair features. Moreover, we demonstrated that the WNT and MAPK signaling pathways were upregulated at 1 mo, followed by increased pro-inflammatory and apoptotic features.
 
  Our study uncovered the cellular and molecular dynamics of bone aging in mice and demonstrated the contribution of BMSCs to the early stage of age-related bone loss.
 Our study uncovered the cellular and molecular dynamics of bone aging in mice and demonstrated the contribution of BMSCs to the early stage of age-related bone loss.
  Collagen is one of the most commonly used natural biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering. One of the possible practical ways to further enhance tendon repair is to combine a porous collagen sponge scaffold with a suitable growth factor or cytokine that has an inherent ability to promote the recruitment, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation of cells. However, there is an incomplete understanding of which growth factors are sufficient and optimal for the tenogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a collagen sponge-based 3D culture system.
 
  To identify one or more ideal growth factors that benefit the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs in a porous collagen sponge scaffold.
 
  We constructed a 3D culture system based on a type I collagen sponge scaffold. The surface topography of the collagen sponge scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Primary BMSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Cell survival on the surfaces of the-β1 promoted more collagen deposition in both the 2D and 3D cultures.
 
  Collagen sponge-based 3D culture with TGF-β1 enhances the responsiveness of the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs.
 Collagen sponge-based 3D culture with TGF-β1 enhances the responsiveness of the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs.
  A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect. To overcome this challenging problem, a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been developed recently. Bearing in mind that the interplay of various diffusible factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) and osteoblasts (OBs) have a pivotal role in bone growth and regeneration and that adjacent ECs and OBs also communicate directly through gap junctions, we set the focus on the simultaneous application of these cell types together with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a growth factor reservoir within ectopic bone tissue engineering constructs.
 
  To vascularize and examine osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering constructs enriched with PRP and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) induced into ECs and OBs.
 
  ASCs isolated from adipose tissue, induced 
  into ECs, OBs or just expanded were used for implant construction as followed BPEO, endothelial and osteogenic differentiated ASCs with PRPon and pronounced osteocalcin immunoexpression at 2 and 8 wk. Tissue regression was noticed in BPEO constructs after 8 wk.
 
  Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis, but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.
 Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis, but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types including neurons and glia. Transplantation of BMSCs is regarded as a potential approach for promoting neural regeneration.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html  Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can induce BMSC differentiation into neuron-like cells. This work evaluated the efficacy of nigral grafts of human BMSCs (hMSCs) and/or adenoviral (Ad) GDNF gene transfer in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats.
 
  To evaluate the efficacy of nigral grafts of hMSCs and/or Ad-GDNF gene transfer in 6-OHDA-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats.
 
  We used immortalized hMSCs, which retain their potential for neuronal differentiation. hMSCs, preinduced hMSCs, or Ad-GDNF effectively enhanced neuronal connections in cultured neurons. 
  , preinduced hMSCs and/or Ad-GDNF were injected into the substantia nigra (SN) after induction of a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion in the nigrostriatal pathway.
 
  Hemiparkinsonian rats that received preinduced hMSC graft and/or Ad-GDNF showed significant recovery of apomorphine-induced rotational behavior and the number of nigral DA neurons. However, DA levels in the striatum were not restored by these therapeutic treatments. Grafted hMSCs might reconstitute a niche to support tissue repair rather than contribute to the generation of new neurons in the injured SN.
 
  The results suggest that preinduced hMSC grafts exert a regenerative effect and may have the potential to improve clinical outcome.
 The results suggest that preinduced hMSC grafts exert a regenerative effect and may have the potential to improve clinical outcome.