https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acbi1.html 16, = 0.004). No difference was noted in the cortical involvement of ICH (22% for patients with seizures and 14% for those without, = 0.156). Patients with seizures had higher in-hospital mortality ( 56% vs. 23%, = 0.024). The multivariate Cox regression model showed the factors significantly associated with ES were higher initial NIHSS scores on admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.1 per 1 point increased, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.2) and coronary artery disease (aOR = 7.0, 95% CI = 1.3-36.4). The NIHSS scores and coronary heart disease were associated with ES in ICH, whereas cortical involvement was not. These findings may reflect difference in post-stroke seizure and primary ICH between Asian and Western populations. The NIHSS scores and coronary heart disease were associated with ES in ICH, whereas cortical involvement was not. These findings may reflect difference in post-stroke seizure and primary ICH between Asian and Western populations. The overcrowded environments of emergency departments (EDs) lead to increased clinical workloads for nurses and infl uences the quality of patient care. This study aimed to evaluate whether the quality of patient care meets the expectations of emergency nurses in Taiwan by measuring the amount of time nurses spend on patient care activities. The direct observation study was conducted in one suburban academic hospital with approximately 80,000 annual ED visits. This study observed emergency nurses and the time they spent on their nursing activities. The directly measured times and nurse expected patient care nursing times were compared. For all 88 types of nursing activities recorded, each measured nursing time was less than the expected nursing time. On average, the measured nursing time was 82% less than the expected nursing time (2.0 ± 0.3 minutes vs. 11.6 ± 1.5 minutes, < 0.01). Among the 88 types of nursing activities recorded, the average measured time spent