Overall, regardless of the energy employed, en bloc prostatic enucleation achieved favourable outcomes including low risk of major complications and quality of life improvement. However, a great heterogeneity of study design, patients' inclusion criteria, prostate volume and en bloc surgical strategy was found. CONCLUSIONS En bloc endoscopic enucleation of the prostate has been shown to be technically feasible and safe, with potential technical advantages over the classic three-lobe technique. Larger comparative studies are needed to evaluate the ultimate impact of the en-bloc approach on postoperative outcomes, in light of the surgeon's learning curve.INTRODUCTION Adherent perinephric fat (APF) could negatively influence surgical outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN). Novel radiological scores have been introduced to preoperatively detect APF, i.e. Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score and Perinephric Fat Surface Density (PnFSD). We aimed to evaluate clinical predictors of APF and the association of MAP and PnFSD with perioperative outcomes after PN. METHODS Clinical and radiological data of patients undergoing open or robotic PN were prospectively gathered. Perinephric fat was retrospectively measured by a single expert uroradiologist. Patients were divided into MAP 0-3 vs MAP 4-5 and high vs low PnFSD. Multivariable analysis was performed to seek for clinical predictors of APF. RESULTS Overall, 175 patients were entered. Patients with vs without APF were significantly different regarding age, gender, ASA score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, HDL status and metabolic syndrome. Conversely, tumor-related characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. At multivariable analysis, metabolic syndrome was confirmed as the only independent predictor of APF (OR24.9; p less then 0.001). Notably, APF assessed by MAP score or PnFSD was not associated with perioperative outcomes after PN. CONCLUSIONS In experienced hands, APF did not impact on intra- or perioperative outcomes after PN. Metabolic syndrome was the only significant predictor of APF in our series.BACKGROUND Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC); however, patients presenting with small low-grade UTUC have been treated by flexible ureteroscopic laser ablation with good outcomes. Different types of laser have been discussed in the literature including Holmium and Neodymium lasers. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Thulium laser (TmYAG) in the ureteroscopic ablation of UTUC.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jtc-801.html  METHODS A retrospective observational multicentre study of patients diagnosed with papillary UTUC between January 2015 and December 2016 was carried out. All patients underwent ureteroscopic biopsy of the UTUC followed by TmYAG ablation. Based on the histopathological grade of the tumor, patients were counseled to undergo either RNU (high-grade tumors) or conservative managementand follow-up (low-grade tumor). RESULTS RNU was performed in 31 patients, while the remaining 47 patients (undergone ™YAG ablation only) were followed up for a mean of 11.7 months with only 19.2% of patients showing upper tract recurrence and no patients showed postoperative ureteral strictures. Limitations include the short follow-up and retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS On the short term, thulium Laser ablation of UTUC is safe and feasible especially in lowgrade UTUC.INTRODUCTION Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common clinical condition affecting women. The impact of urodynamics (UDS) on the management of idiopathic OAB in women is highly debated. This systematic review analyzes the impact of UDS on the choice and on the outcomes of treatment of female idiopathic OAB. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature search in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement to identify clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines on female OAB and UDS published from 2000. A total of 1554 records were initially identified and 12 articles were included in the final qualitative synthesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS UDS represents the main tool to diagnose detrusor overactivity (DO) in OAB female patients which is considered one of the major OAB underlying pathophysiology factor. UDS can underline the presence of voiding dysfunction that could be considered as another underlying cause of uncomplicated female OAB. On the basis of this urodynamic findings, we can better define different aspects of OAB syndrome leading to a more tailored and proper treatment. CONCLUSIONS UDS can have a useful role in the diagnosis of idiopathic OAB in women given the possibility to gain a precise diagnosis and, therefore, a tailored treatment based on the underlying cause. The integration of clinics with UDS and all the other diagnostic available tools is desirable.INTRODUCTION Detrusor underactivity (DUA) and detrusor overactivity (DO) have potential impact on the outcomes of surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a literature search including studies on humans enrolling patients with preoperative urodynamic evidence of DO and/or DUA undergoing LUTS/BPH surgery. Factors that may influence the outcomes of surgery in these patients were evaluated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In patients with DUA mean bladder contractility index improved from +4 to + 44.6, mean total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) improved from -3 to -19.5 points, mean maximumurinary flow (Qmax) improved from+1.4 to + 11.7 mL/s, and mean post-void residual volume (PVR) improved from -16.5 to -736 mL. Older age, lack of obstruction, concomitant DO, lower detrusor contractility and use of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or Photovaporization (PV) instead of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) were associated with worse outcomes. In patients with DO, the percentage of DO resolution ranged from 57.1% to 83.3%. Mean total IPSS,Qmax, and PVR variations ranged from +0.9 to -15.7 points, from -0.2 mL/s to + 14 mL/s, and from-19.6 to -202.5 mL, respectively. Older age, lack of obstruction, terminal DO, low maximum cystometric capacity, early and high amplitude DO, and use of Transurethral Prostate Incision instead of TURP or open adenomectomy were associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with DUA or DO, surgery for LUTS/BPH provides overall good results. However, a number of factors can affect these outcomes.