No documented telerehabilitation technologies were available to OAs in Indigenous Communities. Analysis of a broad range of Indigenous OAs with different chronic diseases revealed that they are seeking telehealth technologies for ease of access to health care, increased health equity and cost-effectiveness. Results revealed various advantages of telehealth for Indigenous OAs and barriers for implementing such technologies in Indigenous communities.
 
  The use of telehealth technologies among OAs is expected to rise, but effective implementation will be successful only if the patient's acceptance and culture are kept at the forefront, and if healthcare services are provided by telehealth-trained healthcare professionals.
 The use of telehealth technologies among OAs is expected to rise, but effective implementation will be successful only if the patient's acceptance and culture are kept at the forefront, and if healthcare services are provided by telehealth-trained healthcare professionals.
  Studies on the prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are still scarce. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence rate of NMOSD in Belo Horizonte, southeast Brazil, where the prevalence rate of multiple sclerosis (MS) has already been established.
 
  For this observational study, eligible patients had to meet the 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis, be seen at the study center between January 2000 and February 2019 and live in Belo Horizonte. The prevalence rate of NMOSD was estimated based on the number of MS and NMOSD patients seen at same Center during the same period, and the previously established prevalence of MS in Belo Horizonte.
 
  During the study period, there were 69 patients with NMOSD, 60 (87.0%) of whom were females, and 44 (63.8%) non-whites. The median age at disease onset was 36.7 (4-72) years, the mean EDSS score 4.78±2.36, and the mean ARR 0.57±0.43. Anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin testing was available for 61 (88.4%) patients, of whom 41 (67.2%) had a positive result. During the same period, 280 MS patients were seen. Considering the local known prevalence rate of MS of 18.1/100,000 inhabitants, the estimated NMOSD prevalence rate in Belo Horizonte was 4.52/100,000 (95% CI 3.72-5.43) inhabitants.
 
  The prevalence rate of NMOSD in Belo Horizonte is high as compared with those found in most of the studies reported to date.
 The prevalence rate of NMOSD in Belo Horizonte is high as compared with those found in most of the studies reported to date.There is not much awareness of varicella zoster virus (VZV) associated central nervous system (CNS) infections under treatment with natalizumab. Here we describe two natalizumab treated MS patients who developed acute retinal necrosis combined with CNS vasculitis caused by VZV. In natalizumab treated patients, visual symptoms atypical of optic neuritis should be promptly evaluated by an ophthalmologist. Currently, a total of 12 cases of natalizumab-associated VZV CNS or retinal infections are reported in literature.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/unc5293.html  Our two cases and overview of currently available data provide information on prognosis and treatment decisions of this rare but devastating complication.
  Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocyte disease that mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord resulting in blindness or paralysis. Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the surface antigen of CD20 on B lymphocytes and is an emerging treatment option in NMOSD. The present review aimed to conduct an update systematic review and meta-analysis for the efficacy of RTX in the treatment of NMOSD and analyze main factors affecting the efficacy of RTX.
 
  The following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and related entry terms are used to search English literature in PubMed, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases, respectively. MeSH include Neuromyelitis optic and Rituximab; entry terms include NMO Spectrum Disorder, NMO Spectrum Disorders, Neuromyelitis Optica(NMO) Spectrum Disorder, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, DevicNeuromyelitis Optica, Neuromyelitis Optica, Devic, Devic's Disease, Devic Syndrome, Devic'sNeuromyelitis Optica, Neuromyelitis Optica(NMO) Spectrum Disorders, CD20 Antibody, RituximabCD20 Antibody, Mabthera, IDEC-C2B8 Antibody, GP2013, Rituxan; (note literature retrieval operators "AND" "OR" "NOT" are used to link MeSH with Entry Terms.) 54 studies were included in this systematic review and 29 studies were included in meta-analysis. The main efficacy indicators were the difference of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and annualized relapse rate (ARR) between before and after rituximab treatments.
 
  In 29 studies involving 732 patients (643 women, 84 men, 5 with unknown gender), the EDSS and ARR were reduced by an average of -0.57 (95%CI, -0.69 to -0.44), -1.57 (95%CI, -1.78 to -1.35), respectively.
 
  Our systematic review and update meta-analysis provide new evidences that RTX can effectively improve disability and reduce ARR ratio.
 Our systematic review and update meta-analysis provide new evidences that RTX can effectively improve disability and reduce ARR ratio.
  Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory disorder; and leads to the uncontrolled production of interleukin (IL)-1β. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system; and its development seems to be partly correlated with IL-1β levels. It is hypothesized that FMF could be associated with MS. We aim to describe the features of patients displaying both diseases and to investigate the MEFV mutation rate in MS patients.
 
  Patients with definite MS were retrieved from the cohort of FMF patients in the Reference Center for Rare Auto-inflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis (CEREMAIA). We also performed a systematic literature review of articles from PubMed that were published from 1990 to 2020.
 
  Twenty-four patients were included in the case series five patients (1.3%) from our cohort of 364 and 19 patients from the literature. The sex ratio was 21. The mean age at diagnosis of FMF was 19 years old; and that for MS was 29 years old. Seven studies investigating the MEFV mutation rate in MS patients were included.