https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk583.html 5), temperature (37°C), dissolved oxygen, agitation speed (500 rpm), inoculation timing (cell diameter 12-13 μm), media feeding regimen, and cell seeding density (5 × 106  cells/ml). The final pure RBCs showed appropriate functions compared with fresh donor RBCs, confirming that manufacturing mature RBCs with reproducibility is possible.Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from human somatic cells, hold the capacity to differentiate into most human body cells. iPSCs can be differentiated into retinal organoids, a three-dimensional structured retina containing various retinal cells. Patient-specific retinal organoids provide a powerful disease model to recapitulate the disease to study the pathogenesis of inherited retinal dystrophies, to screen or discover new drugs, and most importantly to supply an unlimited cell source for retinal regeneration.Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative disease which was described originally in 1988 by dr Frank Benson. PCA is characterized by progressive deficits in higher visual functions while episodic memory and speech are relatively preserved. Studies have shown that the neuropathologic findings in most cases are consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, patients with PCA show greater occipitoparietal atrophy on neuroimaging compared with the more prominent mesiotemporal atrophy in patients with amnestic AD. Until recently, diagnostics were based mainly on clinical experience due to the lack of validated diagnostic criteria. In 2017, new consensus criteria for the diagnosis and classification of PCA were published. In this article we make a brief review of the disease and describe a 58 year old man with complex visual deficits and apraxia who was ultimately diagnosed with PCA.The primary cilium is a non‑motile cellular structure extending from the apical membrane of epithelial cells that is involved in several processes due to its ability to