AIMS Identify the prevalence of health psychology use in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and evaluate how individual and contextual characteristics are associated with use. METHODS Children ages 8-16 years with T1D and their parents were recruited from two tertiary diabetes clinics. Cross-sectional data included parent and adolescent surveys and hemoglobin A1c. Parents self-reported the child's use of health psychology in the last year along with individual factors (e.g., predisposing factors including demographics, enabling factors including health insurance type, evaluated need including mental health diagnoses and perceived need including self-management barriers). Association of health psychology use with individual (e.g., demographics, enabling factors, evaluated and perceived need) and contextual (e.g., clinical site) characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 363 eligible participants, 267 (74%) participated. Health psychology use was reported by only 8.2% (n = 22) of participants and was significantly associated with evaluated need factor of mental health diagnosis (OR 5.8; p  less then  0.001) and perceived need factor of parent-reported self-management barriers. Use was not associated with other individual or contextual factors. CONCLUSIONS Though infrequent, health psychology use was positively associated with mental health diagnoses and self-management barriers. BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic, highly pruritic skin disorder, impairs quality of life (QoL). Janus kinase inhibitors suppress inflammatory and pruritus-associated cytokine signaling in AD. OBJECTIVE To report the effects of ruxolitinib (RUX) cream on itch and QoL in AD. METHODS 307 adult patients with an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score of 2 or 3 and 3%‒20% affected body surface area were randomized for 8 weeks of double-blind treatment to RUX (1.5% twice daily [BID], 1.5% once daily [QD], 0.5% QD, 0.15% QD), vehicle BID, or triamcinolone cream (0.1% BID for 4 weeks then vehicle for 4 weeks). Itch was measured using the numerical rating scale (NRS); patient QoL was assessed with Skindex-16. RESULTS Improvements in itch NRS and Skindex-16 were observed with RUX cream. 42.5% of patients who applied 1.5% RUX BID experienced minimal clinically important difference in itch within 36 hours of treatment (vehicle, 13.6%; P less then 0.01); near-maximal improvement was observed by Week 4. Itch reduction was associated with improved QoL burden (Pearson correlation, 0.67; P less then 0.001). Significant improvements in Skindex-16 overall scores were noted at Week 2. LIMITATIONS Facial AD lesions were not treated. CONCLUSION RUX cream provides a clinically meaningful reduction in itch and QoL burden. Studying substrate consumption in nutrient-rich conditions is challenging because often the growth medium includes undefined components like yeast extract or peptone. For clear and consistent results, it is necessary to use defined medium, where substrate utilization can be followed. In the present work, Escherichia coli BW25113 batch growth in a medium supplemented with 20 proteinogenic amino acids and glucose was studied. Focus was on the quantitative differences in substrate consumption and proteome composition between minimal and nutrient-rich medium. In the latter, 72% of carbon used for biomass growth came from amino acids and 28% from glucose. Serine was identified as the most consumed substrate with 41% of total carbon consumption. Proteome comparison between nutrient-rich and minimal medium revealed changes in TCA cycle and acetate producing enzymes that together with extracellular metabolite data pointed to serine being consumed mainly for energy generation purposes. Serine removal from the growth medium decreased specific growth rate by 22%. In addition, proteome comparison between media revealed a large shift in amino acid synthesis and translation related proteins.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/aminooxyacetic-acid-hemihydrochloride.html  Overall, this work describes in quantitative terms the batch growth carbon uptake profile and proteome allocation of E. coli BW25113 in minimal and nutrient-rich medium. The United States (US) has identified income-based disparities in smoking as a critical public health issue, but the extent to which these disparities are changing over time within states is not well documented. This study examined recent trends in current cigarette smoking in each state and the District of Columbia by self-reported annual household income. Data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-representative survey of US adults. Sample sizes for each state and year ranged from 2914 to 36,955 participants. We fit logistic regression models to examine linear time trends in cigarette smoking status in each state between 2011 and 2017. In every state, the odds of smoking were 1.4 to 3.0 times greater in the lower-income group as compared to the higher-income group in 2017. Among 47 states, linear time trends in smoking did not significantly differ by income group, suggesting no change in income-based disparities. In three states (Florida, Maine, West Virginia) disparities widened, primarily because smoking prevalence only dropped among higher-income groups. Disparities declined in only one state. In New York, smoking prevalence declined more for lower-income groups compared to higher-income groups. Findings from this study suggest that little progress has been made toward reducing income-based differences in smoking and additional policy and tobacco control efforts may be required to meet national disparity reduction goals. OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a well-established population intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity of CRC. As Indigenous people are not fully benefiting from the screening programs, a greater understanding of barriers and enablers affecting participation is needed. METHODS Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Scopus, CINAHL, and selected websites. Both qualitative and quantitative studies related to Indigenous populations of Canada, New Zealand, Australia and the United States of America were assessed for quality and data related to FOBT were extracted and synthetised. RESULTS A total of 375 publications were identified and screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty-four studies were included in the review. The barriers for participation in CRC screening included the lack of culturally competent health service access, particularly access to Indigenous health service providers. Medical discrimination, long-standing distrust in Western medicine and/or health staff and screening tests were all identified as barriers for Indigenous people.