https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pt2399.html Recent efforts to contain health care costs and move toward value-based health care have intensified, with a continued focus on Medicare expenditures, especially for high-volume procedures. As total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) volume continues to increase, especially within the Medicare population, it is important for orthopedic surgeons to understand recent trends in the allocation of health care expenditures and potential effects on reimbursements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in annual Medicare utilization and provider reimbursement rates for shoulder arthroplasty procedures between 2012 and2017. This study tracked annual Medicare claims and payments to shoulder arthroplasty surgeons via publicly available databases and aggregated data at the county level. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate trends in procedure volume, utilization rate(per 10,000 Medicare beneficiaries), and reimbursement rate. We used adjusted multiple linear regression models to examine associations betweas hospital payments and operational and implant costs must also be evaluated as part of an overall transition to value-based health care. Shoulder injuries account for a large portion of all recorded injuries in professional baseball. Much is known about other shoulder pathologies in the overhead athlete, but the incidence and impact of acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries in this population are unknown. We examined the epidemiology of AC joint injuries in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players and determined the impact on time missed. The MLB Health and Injury Tracking System was used to compile records of all MLB and MiLB players from 2011 to 2017 with documented AC joint injuries. These injuries were classified as acute (sprain or separation) or chronic (AC joint arthritis or distal clavicular osteolysis), and associated data extracted included laterality, date of injury, player posi